Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Korean Black Soybean (Glycine max L.) Landraces

Abstract

Black soybean (Glycine max L.) has been used as a traditional medicine because its seed coat contains various natural phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation in the agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of 172 Korean black soybean landraces (KBSLs) and establish a relationship among them. The evaluation of three agricultural traits (days to 50% flowering, maturity, and 100-seed weight), six phytochemicals (delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, daidzin, glycitin, and genestin), and four antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 -azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total polyphenol content (TPC) of 172 KBSLs were analyzed in 2012 and 2015. The agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of the 172 KBSLs showed wide variation among the accessions and years. In correlation analysis, the agricultural traits and phytochemicals showed positive and negative correlations with phytochemicals and antioxidant activity, respectively. The principal component analyses result indicated that phytochemicals accounted for most of the variability in the KBSLs. In clustering analysis, the 172 KBSLs were classified into four clusters. These results could lead to expanding the knowledge of the agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of the KBSLs, which are valuable materials for the development of new soybean varieties.

Isoflavones, anthocyanins, phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of black soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as affected by seed weight

“…1 ). Overall, the majority of the observed characters were shared by other black soybean varieties previously grown in Korea 20 , 21 .

Figure 1 Representative seed samples of the black soybean varieties.

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“…1). Overall, the majority of the observed characters were shared by other black soybean varieties previously grown in Korea 20,21 .…”

“…The compositions and contents of polyphenols in plants, in general, are affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Many researchers studied the effect of these factors on the contents of anthocyanins, isoflavones, and phenolic compounds in different soybean varieties including black soybeans [20][21][22][23][24] . Different studies have been targeting different components with respect to both number and identity, and hence, the reported total contents of these polyphenols are wide-ranging.…”

Unravelling the Biological Potential of Pinus pinaster Bark Extracts

“…In this sense, different methods were used for the determination of antioxidant activity, allowing the analysis of different mechanisms of extracts action. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method is based on the reduction of an iron complex (Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ ), and DPPH and ABTS are the most widely used method for determining the free radical scavenging capacity [7,46].…”

“…The popularity of these extracts is linked to their biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiatherogenic, etc. [3][4][5][6][7]. In particular, the extracts of Pinus pinaster (a conifer plant found in some Mediterranean countries and used in afforestation of Africa, New Zealand and Australia), are rich in phenolic acids, flavanols and flavonoids (e.g., cinnamic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, quercetin and taxifolin) with a potent antioxidant activity [5,8].…”