Phytoplankton Diversity as Indicator of Water Quality for Fish Cultivation

Pradhan, Arunava; Bhaumik, Pranami; Das, Sumana; Mishra, Madhusmita; Khanam, Sufia; Hoque, Bilqis A.; Mukherjee, Indranil; Thakur, Ashoke Ranjan; Chaudhuri, Shaon Ray

doi:10.3844/ajessp.2008.406.411

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 each series clearly depicted the adequacy of the screening. The data for Rain water ponds and Khamars were presented elsewhere (Pradhan et al, 2008). The saturation curve obviates the need for increasing the number of observations in each case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparative study on the diversity, useful varieties and total number of planktons in rain water ponds from West Bengal, waste water fed fish ponds (called Dighi and Khamar) from Bangladesh (due to similar climatic conditions) as well as Bheris from West Bengal, India clearly indicated a richer diversity in case of the latter. The abundance of different planktons in Bheri, as compared to the Dighis, Khamars and fresh water ponds is in correlation with their active participation in the bioremediation process taking place in this complex ecosystem (Pradhan et al, 2008). However, overgrowth of planktons often becomes a problem for pond management since they cause algal bloom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shallow basin allows full vertical circulation of water to the surface where algal blooms can occur. This depth provides a better ratio between pond volume and pond surface as compared to deeper pond, thus making this architecture favorable for photosynthesis (Pradhan et al, 2008). The alkalinity due to lime addition during pond preparation results in pathogen/fecal coliform content reduction by 96-99% (Pradhan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This depth provides a better ratio between pond volume and pond surface as compared to deeper pond, thus making this architecture favorable for photosynthesis (Pradhan et al, 2008). The alkalinity due to lime addition during pond preparation results in pathogen/fecal coliform content reduction by 96-99% (Pradhan et al, 2008). Abundant quantity of algal photosynthetic oxygen generated in the pond is one of the reasons for the purification of sewage (Barabasi and Stanley, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bheri-A Unique Example of Biological Complex System

Mukherjee¹

2010

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:This study is a unique attempt to characterize Bheri (shallow flat bottom waste water fed fishery) as a complex biological system. Approach: The characterization was done both at the qualitative and the quantitative levels. The diverse microbial community and the associated emergent behaviors resulting in integrated resource recovery by the Bheris were analyzed under the lens of complexity to gain an understanding about the qualitative features. To carry out quantitative characterization, ideas of scaling and power law relationships were emphasized through statistical analysis of observed data. Results: On comparing the plankton diversity of the Bheris with rain water and waste water fed ponds located within Calcutta (India) as well as Dhaka (Bangladesh), the former indicated clear evidence of exhibiting power law behavior (which is a strong signature of complexity). The adequacy of observations was reflected in the saturation of the curves obtained on plotting the number of observations against the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU). Conclusion: This study clearly reveals Bheri as a biological complex system both at qualitative and quantitative levels as compared to rain water as well as waste water fed ponds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bheri-A Unique Example of Biological Complex System

Mukherjee¹

2010

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…City's wastewater flowing through a network of drainage canals (RSC) reach the settling ponds (Bheris) where most of the biochemical reactions are completed (including reduction of BOD) with the help of diverse microbial community utilizing solar and chemical energy. Unlike conventional mechanical wastewater treatment plants, these Bheris efficiently remove the coliforms which are prone to be pathogenic (Pradhan et al, 2008). Secondly, EKW is the largest ensemble of sewage fed fish ponds at one place in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Kolkata Wetland: A Multifunctional Niche of International Importance

S.¹

2012

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:In the megacity Kolkata, the need for space to accomodate the ever increasing population is increasing day by day. As a result the encoarchment of the large wetland on the eastern frindge of the city is increasing and so is the threat of its loosing the status of Ramsar Status. Approach: Proper documentation of the existing traditional practice with sound scientific basis and the direct as well as indirect benefit that the city receives as a result of its existance could be an approach towards its conservation. Results: East Kolkata Wetland (EKW) is a unique example of a wetland ecosystem involved in both resource recovery and environmental protection and in the process providing a stable urban fringe to an expanding metropolis. It ensures economic benefit and employment generation because of resource recovery activities based on utilization of the city's sewage. It acts as a sink for city sewage and garbage, even at times a little flow of industrial effluents with toxic heavy metals as well as hazardous contaminants like sulphate and nitrate to name a few. The purification process operating there depends to a large extent on the activity of the diverse microbial population using liberal sunshine. On trying to understand the microbial flora, a rich diversity of the bacterial domain was revealed with immense potential for commercial application. The extracellular enzymes from microbial origin of EKW were used for detergent formulation, dehairing of hide at neutral pH, silver recovery from exposed X-ray films and so on. The microbes themselves could entrap metals inside them as nanoparticles, remove sulphate from solution and prevent nitrate mediated eutrophication. The soluble waste from the megacity goes through various rounds of purification in the waste water fisheries, called Bheri in local parlance before being used for agriculture. This in turn results in fish production and purification of the waste water up to 99% in terms of faecal coliform count and to a large extent for other parameters. The metal content in the muscles of the surface feeder and bottom feeder fishes were comparable to that of the same variety from rain water fed ponds, indicating safe use of the waste water. The agriculture using waste water mostly produces paddy and vegetables. The green leafy vegetables produced from EKW when compared with same variety from non-EKW were found to be healthy without any additional unwanted metal accumulation. The entire resource recovery process was relatively safe, ecofriendly as well as economical. Conclusion/Recommendations: Thus EKW purifies the waste of a large part of the city, generates edible resources, provides employment, houses diverse flora and fauna and also harbours a rich repertoire of microbes with immense potential for application. The objective of the present review is to emphasize the need of its conservation and also intensify the research on the microbial diversity in these wetlands.

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