Phytoremediation of Wastewater through Implemented Wetland – A Review

Abstract

Contrary to the typical treatment system, built wetland systems have become high-performance wastewater treatment technology in recent years. In India as well, this technology is becoming more important for reducing water pollution. A built wetland is essentially a tank that has been planted with plants tolerant of waterlogged conditions and filled with a substrate. In this method, wastewater is treated by plants through phytoremediation. A manmade wetland's plant species is crucial in maintaining the temperature needed for a variety of biological and physiological processes necessary for the efficient treatment of wastewater. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), plant type, and bed material make up a built wetland's key elements. Generally, gravels and sand are used as the bed media and the plant species used are grasses like typha grass, canna indica, para grass, etc. Environmental-related parameters that are taken into consideration are pH, COD, BOD, TSS, NH3-N, PO4, nitrate, and Fecal coliform count in one complete macrophyte life cycle. The present paper gives information about the different types of constructed wetlands, pollutants removal mechanism by microphytes, engineering design used, and application of implemented wetlands.

Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by <i>Euglena</i> sp. and <i>Echinodorus palifolius</i> (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.

“…Heavy metals will be degraded in plant tissue (Dixit et al 2015) or evaporates through the transpiration process into the atmosphere (Kumar et al 2023). Phytoremediation using the constructed wetlands method which utilises media and plants as a way to reduce pollutant levels is an alternative for dealing with environmental pollution (Metcalf 2003;Bilgaiyan 2023). Prasetya et al (2020) showed a decrease in mercury in the water media given by E. palifolius and zeolite in the SSF-CW (Subsurface-Constructed Wetlands) waste treatment system.…”