Picking Winners and Losers: A Structural Examination of Tax Subsidies to the Energy Industry

After reviewing the main EU policy documents on the plastic waste issue, this work conceptualises an analysis framework to investigate farmers' attitudes to marketbased tools (i.e., subsidies, tax-credits, and payback mechanisms in extended producer responsibility schemes) through which the introduction of an operational scheme for a better management of their plastic waste can be incentivised in line with the 2018 European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy. A total number of 1,783 farmers responded to a purpose-built questionnaire. Results show that most of the plastic waste they produce is piping and packaging and that tax credit represents their most favoured incentivising tool. K E Y W O R D Sagriculture and plastic, circular economy, European strategy on plastic, extended producer responsibility, fiscal measures, new plastics economy

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“…This generates an implicit prejudice for the alternatives remaining after the choice of the specific subject of tax credit (Tracey, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU policy for a plastic economy: Reflections on a sectoral implementation strategy

Pazienza

Lucia

2020

Bus Strat Env

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“…", others (see, e.g., Mannix 2018) complain that at most, government should confine its interventions to cases where a new technology is not safe or effective in absolute, not relative terms. We cannot resolve this controversy here, but simply note that (1) government erects barriers to new technologies all the time, particularly by providing subsidies to established technologies (Roberts 2016); and (2) because the risk-reducing and risk-creating powers technologies have are often far harder for society to discern and weigh than the market attributes of these technologies (e.g., cost, usefulness, taste, appearance), the free market is often incapable of favoring "winners" that truly provide welfare-increasing results. While this profound policy controversy continues, we believe that identifying superior solutions to technologies that address identical problems cannot help but enrich the discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “solution-focused” comparative risk assessment of conventional and synthetic biology approaches to control mosquitoes carrying the dengue fever virus

et al. 2018

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Emerging technologies often pose various uncertain health risks that cause policymakers to hesitate to allow resultant products and processes to enter the market-but they also may offer large benefits, including the potential to greatly reduce some of the very risks currently most greatly affecting public health and the environment. Synthetic biology serves as one such emerging technology that, despite its potential benefits to various fields, gives policymakers pause until the human and environmental health risks posed by genetically engineered organisms are better characterized and assessed. Given various limitations of our current paradigm for making risk management decisions, some of which are caused by limitations of conventional methods of quantitative risk assessment (QRA), a modified approach to emerging technology characterization and assessment might be a needed step change. This paper demonstrates how one such approach-"solution-focused risk assessment" (Finkel, Hum Ecol Risk Assess 17(4):754-787, 2011)-can help evaluate synthetic biology products against conventional competitors. Specifically, this paper conducts a SFRA for Oxitec's engineered Aedes aegypti mosquito, which serves as a synthetic biology option for dengue virus vector control.

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States Taxing Carbon - Proposing Flexibility and Harmonization in the Movement Toward Environmental Reform in the U.S.

Kisska-Schulze

Prum²

2016

SSRN Journal

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Picking Winners and Losers: A Structural Examination of Tax Subsidies to the Energy Industry

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

The EU policy for a plastic economy: Reflections on a sectoral implementation strategy

The EU policy for a plastic economy: Reflections on a sectoral implementation strategy

A “solution-focused” comparative risk assessment of conventional and synthetic biology approaches to control mosquitoes carrying the dengue fever virus

States Taxing Carbon - Proposing Flexibility and Harmonization in the Movement Toward Environmental Reform in the U.S.

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