Picric acid capped silver nanoparticles as a probe for colorimetric sensing of creatinine in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples

Abstract

Creatinine is the most important parameter to be determined in the diagnosis of renal, muscular and thyroid function. The most common method for the determination of creatinine is Jaffe's reaction, a routine practice for blood and urine analysis. However, in cases of icteric and haemolyzed blood samples, interference occurs during the estimation of creatinine by other constituents present in the blood like bilirubin, creatine, and urea, which lead to wrong diagnosis. To overcome such difficulty, we have developed a silver nanoparticle (Ag NPs) based sensor for the selective determination of creatinine. In this study, a new approach has been given to the traditional Jaffe's reaction, by coating Ag NPs with picric acid (PA) to form an assembly that can selectively detect creatinine. The Ag NPs based sensor proficiently and selectively recognizes creatinine due to the ability of picric acid to bind with it and form a complex. The nanoassembly and the interactions were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and ESI-MS, which demonstrated the binding affinity of creatinine with PA-capped Ag NPs. A linear correlation was obtained in the range of 0.01 μM-1 μM with an R(2) value of 0.9998 and a lower detection limit of 8.4 nM. The sensor was successfully applied to different types of blood and CSF samples for the determination of creatinine, and the results were compared to that of the Jaffe's method. With the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity and low sample volume, this method is potentially suitable for the on-site monitoring of creatinine.

Luminescent turn-on detection of Hg(II) via the quenching of an iridium(III) complex by Hg(II)-mediated silver nanoparticles

“…The characteristic and strong surface plasmon resonance peak was found at around 400 nm when only AgNPs were present 42, 43 . However, as can be seen in Figure S5 (ESI†), the absorption band of AgNPs gradually decreased accompanied by a slight blue shift from 397 to 387 nm upon increasing the concentration of Hg(II) ions.…”

Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods

“…One of the best results in the spectrophotometric method is the use of silver NPs coated with picric acid. The initial color of this solution is yellow, which changes to red with the addition of creatinine 145 …”

Chemical Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Recent Developments toward Real-Time Chemical Monitoring of Patients

“…Thyroid-stimulating hormone 54 Antibody fragments Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor Serum Sorbitol 55 Sorbitol dehydrogenase Fluorescence of fibre-optic biosensor Blood plasma Cytokines 56 Magnetic beads Single-molecule array (Simoa) based assay Serum Creatinine 57 Picric acid capped silver nanoparticles Colorimetric detection via absorption Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Testosterone 58 Capture antibodies and microfluidic chip Competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay Emerging technologies for monitoring chemicals in blood include a move towards integrated devices to improve whole blood processing without sample preparation. 27,59,60 This allows rapid analysis 60 in whole blood instead of serum, lower volume blood samples 59 and high-throughput sample analysis.…”