“…Therefore, it may be possible to miniaturize PVDF-tactile sensors by replacing PVDF with VDF oligomer. Thus far, various techniques to measure piezoelectric coefficients have been proposed (1), (28), (29) , but the measurement results depend on the experimental apparatus. These methods can be categorized by whether the direct piezoelectric effect, i.e., applying a stress and measuring the induced charge, or the converse piezoelectric effect, i.e., applying a voltage and measuring the induced elongation, is used (28) .…”