Piezoelectric strain sensor through reverse replication based on two-photon polymerization

Govindarajan, Rishikesh Srinivasaraghavan; Stark, Taylor; Sikulskyi, Stanislav; Madiyar, Foram; Kim, Daewon

doi:10.1117/12.2630955

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The conventional methods for fabrication of microstructures in the sensing layer, such as photo structuring, etching, and molding [14][15][16] , are a monotonous multi-step process that lacks resolution and requires immense processing time. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has advanced to the point where micro-and nano-scale structures fabrication is feasible with minimized material utilization and reduced mass production costs 17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of PVDF based piezoelectric sensor with microstructures

Govindarajan¹,

Stark²,

Madiyar³

et al. 2023

Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2023

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This paper aims to investigate the performance of piezoelectric sensors with different shapes of 3D-printed microstructures. Based on the numerical analysis in the time-frequency domain, the microstructures are printed directly on the PVDF transparent film exhibiting higher piezoelectric coefficients using a high-resolution two-photon polymerization method. Bi-directional gold IDTs are fabricated by sputtering gold onto the substrate surface using a 3D-printed stencil. The mechanical properties of the film and surface morphology of printed microstructures are examined using a nanoindenter and a 3D profilometer. The change in frequency response due to the microstructure is measured using a network analyzer. This study will be a reference for developing an efficient wave-based gas sensor with enhanced sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of PVDF based piezoelectric sensor with microstructures

Govindarajan¹,

Stark²,

Madiyar³

et al. 2023

Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2023

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show abstract

“…The numerical analysis includes scattering parameter and voltage response in frequency and time domains. Compared to the surface deposited IDTs, embedding the electrode demonstrates an enhancement in sensitivity due to higher piezoelectric coupling [12][13][14] , which also protects the IDT structure from the external environment. The sensitivity of each IDT layout towards mechanical strains is quantified using an initial strain model with varying mechanical strain concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-based sensor responses with embedded electrode layouts

Govindarajan¹,

Madiyar²,

Kim³

2023

Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2023

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Acoustic wave-based devices have attracted greater attention, particularly in the aerospace and bio-medical fields due to their passive and wireless capabilities. Interdigital transducer (IDT) is an integral part of the SHM wave-based sensor, as it transmits information about the structural state. Additionally, embedding the electrodes inside the piezoelectric substrate increases the acoustic coupling and protects the electrodes from potential external damage. This paper uses numerical analysis to discuss sensor responses with different IDT layouts in both frequency and time domains. The results investigate each type's sensitivity towards mechanical strains and figure of merit, which facilitates the development of an efficient embedded electrode sensor through advanced additive manufacturing techniques.

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“…While a great progress was accomplished in micropatterning for electrical systems for last several decades, some challenges intrinsic to novel MEMS are yet to be addressed. 1,2,3 . Firstly, the dynamically growing field of MEMS and small robotics can benefit from a manufacturing method of producing electrodes and conductive traces that can be effectively adapted to various designs 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic surface morphology for intricate conductive coatings

Stark¹,

Sikulskyi²,

Govindarajan³

et al. 2023

Surface Engineering and Forensics

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Conductive surfaces and patterns are at the forefront of electronics research with a need to go smaller and create more intricate electronic designs and devices while still maintaining easy manufacturability. This paper investigates an approach of patterning conductive traces for microsize electrically driven devices with the focus on enabling and patterning complicated geometries. The approach includes the design and fabrication of hydrophilic microstructures along the channels with hydrophobic borders on devices' surfaces. The channels are connected to larger electrodes outside the device. When a conductive solution is applied to the outside electrode area, hydrophilic morphologies stimulate the solution to feed along the channels and fill the predesigned patterns. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to explore different designs of microstructures to increase surface hydrophilicity for liquid electrode patterning for variously oriented surfaces. Due to numerous physical forces, material domains, and interactions involved, experimental approach is selected to study the method of surface electrode micropatterning through wetting. Microstructured surfaces are fabricated using the two-photon polymerization 3D printing technique due to its superior resolution. Analysis of various morphologies is completed, a microsize electromechanical device with selected hydrophilic morphologies is fabricated, patterned with liquid electrode, and tested. The findings in this paper further the development of electrode patterning and help determine which hydrophilic microstructures show superior patterning ability along horizontal and vertical vectors.

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Piezoelectric strain sensor through reverse replication based on two-photon polymerization

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

On the performance of PVDF based piezoelectric sensor with microstructures

On the performance of PVDF based piezoelectric sensor with microstructures

Wave-based sensor responses with embedded electrode layouts

Hydrophilic surface morphology for intricate conductive coatings

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