Pigments, Inorganic

Völz, Hans G.; Kischkewitz, Jürgen; Woditsch, Peter; Westerhaus, Axel; Griebler, Wolf‐Dieter; Liedekerke, Marcel De; Buxbaum, Gunter; Printzen, Helmut; Mansmann, M.; Räde, Dieter; Trenczek, G.; Wilhelm, Volker; Schwarz, Stefanie; Wienand, Henning; Adel, Jörg; Adrian, G.; Brandt, Karl; Cork, William B.; Winkeler, Heinrich; Mayer, Wielfried; Schneider, Klaus; Leitner, L.; Kathrein, H.; Schwab, E.; Jakusch, H.; Ohlinger, Manfred; Veitch, R.J.; Etzrodt, Günter; Pfaff, Gerhard; Franz, Klaus‐Dieter; Emmert, Ralf; Nitta, Katsuhisa; Besold, R.; Gaedcke, Harald

doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Coprecipitation of the same amount of reagents is described by the following formula: ZnSO 4 + BaS → ZnS + BaSO 4 , yielding a product that is 29.4 wt % ZnS and 70.6 wt % BaSO 4 . 20 This precipitate, generally referred to as crude lithopone, was then calcined at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900°C and subsequently wet milled, filtered, and dried. The quality of the final lithopone depended essentially on two factors: the amount of ZnS with respect to that of BaSO 4 3 and the care exercised in the preparation of the two soluble salts, BaS and ZnSO 4 , which were prepared in the lithopone factory.…”

Section: ■ Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multianalytical Study of Historical Luminescent Lithopone for the Detection of Impurities and Trace Metal Ions

et al. 2015

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We have explored the performance of an integrated multianalytical approach to the analysis of a series of microsamples of historical lithopone (a coprecipitate of ZnS + BaSO4) produced at the beginning of the 20th century, based on the combination of spectrally- and lifetime-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy imaging and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Multispectral imaging of the PL emission from microsamples revealed the presence of different luminescence centers emitting in the visible spectrum, which we have hypothesized as trace Cu and Mn impurities unintentionally introduced into the ZnS crystal lattice during synthesis, which act as deep traps for electrons. Time-resolved PL imaging analyses highlighted the microsecond decay-kinetic behavior of the emission, confirming the trap state nature of the luminescence centers. EPR confirmed the presence of Cu and Mn, further providing information on the microenvironment of defects in the ZnS crystalline lattice related to specific paramagnetic ions. The multianalytical approach provides important insights into the historical synthesis of lithophone and will be useful for the rapid screening and mapping of impurities in complex semiconductor pigments and other artists' materials.

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Section: ■ Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multianalytical Study of Historical Luminescent Lithopone for the Detection of Impurities and Trace Metal Ions

et al. 2015

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“…PbCrO 4 pigment production may involve lead oxide (PbO). 46 Because solder also contains PbO, this could explain the similarity between isotopic compositions of the solder samples and the one pigment sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Blood Lead Exposure in Rural Bangladesh

Forsyth

Weaver

Maher

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Lead (Pb) exposure is a major public health problem worldwide. Although high levels of Pb in blood in Bangladesh have been documented, the dominant Pb sources contributing to human exposure in rural Bangladesh have not been determined. Here, we first obtained blood from pregnant women from three rural Bangladeshi districts who were previously assessed by a case-control and sampling study, and we then conducted semistructured in-depth interviews to understand Pb exposure behavior and finally collected samples of the suspected Pb sources. We measured the Pb isotopic composition of both potential Pb sources and 45 blood samples in order to understand which of three sources predominate: (1) food from Pb-soldered cans, (2) turmeric, or (3) geophagous materials (clay, soil, or ash). The Pb isotope ratios of the three sources are distinct ( p = 0.0001) and blood isotope ratios are most similar to turmeric. Elevated lead and chromium (Cr) concentrations in turmeric and a yellow pigment used in turmeric processing are consistent with reported consumption behavior that indicated turmeric as a primary contributor to blood Pb. The Pb isotopic composition analyses combined with a case-control and sampling approach provides evidence that turmeric adulterated with the yellow Pb-bearing pigment is the main Pb exposure source in these districts and illustrates the need to assess drivers and practices of turmeric adulteration, as well as the prevalence of adulteration across South Asia.

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“…ZnO is a white colored inorganic compound having wide application spectrum in the rubber industry and occurs naturally from the mineral zincite. Most of the commercially used ZnO is, however, produced synthetically by pyrometallurgical method and almost 50%–60% of the produced ZnO is used in the rubber industry . Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid, having C 18 chain and appears as a waxy solid.…”

Section: Sustainable Rubber Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable rubbers and rubber additives

Sarkar

Bhowmick

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Rubber is one of the most versatile materials having myriad of applications-from niche rubber band and eraser to highly engineered spacecraft seal. Of late, the glittering concept of "sustainability" has been able to infiltrate within the domain of elastomer science and technology to a significant extent -in both academia and industry. This fervent context thus necessitates a systematic documentation of brief history, present research scenario and future perspective of sustainable developments in this field. The present review aims to portray a panoramic sketch of various sustainable rubbers and functional rubber additives in this field and intends to provide a direction to their plausible future developments.

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Pigments, Inorganic

Cited by 19 publications

References 143 publications

Multianalytical Study of Historical Luminescent Lithopone for the Detection of Impurities and Trace Metal Ions

Multianalytical Study of Historical Luminescent Lithopone for the Detection of Impurities and Trace Metal Ions

Sources of Blood Lead Exposure in Rural Bangladesh

Sustainable rubbers and rubber additives

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