Pilot-scale testing of renewable biocatalyst for swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions

Abstract

Comprehensive control of odors, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), ammonia (NH 3 ), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with swine production is a critical need. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate surface-applied soybean peroxidase (SBP) and calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) as a manure additive to mitigate emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) including dimethyl disulfide/methanethiol (DMDS/MT), dimethyl trisulfide, n-butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, p-cresol, indole, and skatole. The secondary impact on emissions of NH 3 , H 2 S, and GHG was also measured. The SBP was tested at four treatments (2.28-45.7 kg/m 2 manure) with CaO 2 (4.2% by weight of SBP) over 137 days. Significant reductions in VOC emissions were observed: DMDS/MT (36.2%-84.7%), p-cresol (53.1%-89.5%), and skatole (63.2%-92.5%). There was a corresponding significant reduction in NH 3 (14.6%-67.6%), and significant increases in the greenhouse gases CH 4 (32.7%-232%) and CO 2 (20.8%-124%). The remaining emissions (including N 2 O) were not statistically different. At a cost relative to 0.8% of a marketed hog it appears that SBP/CaO 2 treatment could be a promising option at the lowest (2.28 kg/m 2 ) treatment rate for reducing odorous gas and NH 3 emissions at swine operations, and field-scale testing is warranted. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. b s t r a c tComprehensive control of odors, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), ammonia (NH 3 ), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with swine production is a critical need. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate surface-applied soybean peroxidase (SBP) and calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) as a manure additive to mitigate emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) including dimethyl disulfide/methanethiol (DMDS/MT), dimethyl trisulfide, n-butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, p-cresol, indole, and skatole. The secondary impact on emissions of NH 3 , H 2 S, and GHG was also measured. The SBP was tested at four treatments (2.28e45.7 kg/m 2 manure) with CaO 2 (4.2% by weight of SBP) over 137 days. Significant reductions in VOC emissions were observed: DMDS/MT (36.2%e84.7%), p-cresol (53.1%e89.5%), and skatole (63.2%e92.5%). There was a corresponding significant reduction in NH 3 (14.6%e67.6%), and significant increases in the greenhouse gases CH 4 (32.7%e232%) and CO 2 (20.8%e124%). The remaining emissions (including N 2 O) were not statistically different. At a cost relative to 0.8% of a marketed hog it appears that SBP/CaO 2 treatment could be a promising option at the lowest (2.28 kg/m 2 ) treatment rate for reducing odorous gas and NH 3 emissions at swine operations, and field-scale testing is warranted.

Evaluation of Semi-Continuous Pit Manure Recharge System Performance on Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from a Swine Finishing Barn

“…The source-based approaches can manage emissions at the odor source, usually addressing emissions from manure. Various topical additives to swine manure surface such as biochar [26], soybean peroxidase [27,28], and poultry manure such as zeolites [29], and bioactive sorbents [30] have been tested. Because swine barn odor is mainly caused by emissions from manure [31], the source-based methods are aimed at proper manure management.…”

Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

“…Deep pit swine manure from an Iowa State University swine finisher operation was pumped into six 1.22-m (4 ft) tall, 0.38-m (15 in) diameter sealed manure storage simulators previously described by Maurer et al [22] (Figure 1 . Manure additions were done by adding manure directly to the top of the manure to simulate farm conditions, where manure would drop down through the floor slats of the barn into the manure storage pit surface.…”

“…Details of gas measurements and calibrations are presented elsewhere [22]. In short, gas samples were collected via syringe and vials and were analyzed for GHG concentrations using gas chromatography equipped with FID and ECD detectors, and a CO 2 -to-CH 4 catalytic convertor.…”

Farm-scale testing of soybean peroxidase and calcium peroxide for surficial swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions

“…Most recently, as a follow-up to lab-scale testing, Maurer et al (2017a) investigated the efficacy of surficial application of SBP/ CaO 2 to swine manure on gaseous emissions of odorous volatile VOCs, NH 3 , H 2 S and GHG in pilot-scale experiments. Effects of dose and time were studied over the 137 day trial.…”

“…Effects of dose and time were studied over the 137 day trial. Maurer et al (2017a) reported significant reductions in emissions for DMDS/MT (36.2%e 84.7%), p-cresol (53.1%e89.5%), skatole (63.2%e92.5%) and NH 3 (14.6%e67.6%). Significant increases in CH 4 (32.7%e232%) and CO 2 (20.8%e124%) emissions were observed.…”