Pilot study demonstrating that sole mechanosensitivity can be affected by insole use

Vie, Bruno; Nester, Christopher; Porte, Lisa Marie; Behr, Michel; Weber, Jean Paul; Jammes, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.012

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, the effect of the sensorimotor insoles appears to be specific, in the sense that the provoked muscle reaction has a unique time response. Non-specific effects of insoles on the mechanical sensitivity of the foot and the distribution of plantar pressure have already been documented [40, 41, 44]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of insoles with a peroneal pressure point on the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during gait

Ludwig¹,

Kelm²,

Fröhlich³

2016

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundPeroneus longus acts as a foot evertor and pronator, thus ensuring stability of the talocrural joint by curbing inversion movement of the rearfoot. Increased activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the stance phase could have a stabilising effect on the ankle joint. This study aimed to determine whether the activity of the peroneus longus muscle could be increased by the targeted use of a specially formed lateral pressure element in a customised orthopaedic insole.MethodsThis was a laboratory-based study that utilised a randomised crossover design. Thirty-four healthy participants walked along a walkway in neutral footwear wearing a control insole or a sensorimotor insole with a lateral pressure point adjacent to the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. The electromyographic muscle activity of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles was measured using surface electromyography. Contact with the ground was recorded via two pressure sensors under the sole of the shoe. Muscle activity during the stance phase was analysed in the time and amplitude domains and compared statistically with paired t-tests for both insole types.ResultsIn 27 out of the 34 participants, an additional activity peak of the peroneus longus muscle was observed in the loading response phase with the sensorimotor insole, which reached its maximum at 29.7 % (±4.5 %) of the stance phase. When averaged over all 34 participants, the integrated electromyographic output for the peroneus longus in the mid-stance phase revealed a significant higher activity (p < 0.001, post hoc power = 0.98, effect size: Cohen’s d = 0.71) with the sensorimotor insole (18.1 ± 11.3 % MVCs) than with the control insole (11.2 ± 7.7 % MVCs). No significant effects were established for the other gait phases or for the tibialis anterior.ConclusionsAn increase of muscle activity of the peroneus longus muscle was observed during the loading response and mid-stance phase, when orthopedic insoles with a lateral pressure point were worn. We conclude that the pressure point changes afferent information and leads to an increased peroneus longus activation in the time interval in which the pressure point exerted pressure on the peroneal tendon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of insoles with a peroneal pressure point on the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during gait

Ludwig¹,

Kelm²,

Fröhlich³

2016

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in foot posture are associated with altered plantar pressure patterns [1] with likely alteration of external joint moments as well as kinaesthesia inputs [2]. Motor responses to the altered sensory inputs could thereafter affect muscle function and the foot mechanics associated with that foot posture [2,3]. Indeed, muscle strength and function have been shown to be related to foot posture [4] and different foot kinematics exhibited between cavus, planus and normal foot postures [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of foot muscles and plantar fascia morphology to foot posture

2018

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“…However, this interesting study was limited to measurements of perceptual thresholds. In previous studies, we used the Stevens psychological law [11] to obtain estimate of tactile stimuli [12] or mechanical vibrations [13] in a wide range of amplitude and found that this approach brought further information than the sole detection threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Hardness and Epidermal Thickness Affect the Vibration Sensitivity of the Foot Sole

Jammes¹,

Viala²,

Weber³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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Objective: The cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the foot sole detect the changes in the application of mechanical loads on the plantar surface during gait and standing, and contribute to controlling the standing balance and postural reflexes in healthy subjects. A local thickening of the foot sole skin occurs in response to repetitive load application. We hypothesized that an elevated skin hardness of the foot sole could reduce its mechano sensitivity. Methods:In healthy subjects, we quantified the sensation produced by different amplitudes of vibratory stimulations at two frequencies (25 and 150 Hz). The vibration threshold was determined on the 1 st or 2 nd , and 5 th metatarsal heads, and the heel at each vibration frequency. The Stevens power function (Ψ=k.Φ n ) allowed to obtain regression equations between the estimate (Ψ) of the vibratory stimuli and their physical magnitude (Φ). Any increase in the absolute k value (all were negative) indicated a reduced sensitivity to the lowest loads. The n coefficient measured the global perception. The highest skin hardness (Shore) was measured on the 5th metatarsal head and the heel. In some subjects, superficial skin abrasion of the 5 th metatarsal head was performed and the vibration sensitivity was tested again. Results:The vibration threshold was significantly higher at the level of the 5 th metatarsal head and the heel. The k value was significantly higher at the 25 and 150 Hz frequencies for the 5 th metatarsal head, and only at 25 Hz for the heel. At both vibration frequencies, negative correlations were obtained between the k values and skin hardness. After skin abrasion, the n coefficient was significantly higher at both vibration frequencies. Conclusion:Skin hardness affects the foot sole mechano sensitivity and could alter the control of posture during standing and walking. This indicates that foot care by podiatrist are relevant to improve posture control.

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Pilot study demonstrating that sole mechanosensitivity can be affected by insole use

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

The influence of insoles with a peroneal pressure point on the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during gait

The influence of insoles with a peroneal pressure point on the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during gait

Contributions of foot muscles and plantar fascia morphology to foot posture

Skin Hardness and Epidermal Thickness Affect the Vibration Sensitivity of the Foot Sole

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