Pinhole array implementation of star test polarimetry

Zimmerman, Brandon G.; Ramkhalawon, Roshita; Alonso, Miguel A.; Brown, Thomas G.

doi:10.1117/12.2042093

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The basis of the proposed technique is the placement at the pupil plane of an element referred to as a stressed-engineered optic (SEO), which is a BK7 glass window subjected to forces with trigonal symmetry at its edges 18 , 19 , 23 (see “Methods”). The spatially varying birefringence pattern that naturally results in the vicinity of the force equilibrium point has been shown to be essentially optimal for applications in polarimetry, in the sense that it efficiently encodes polarization information in the PSF’s shape while causing the smallest possible increase in PSF size 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown research group at The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester. Details of the analysis and fabrication of the elements can best be found in the PhD dissertations of Alexis K. Spilman 48 and Amber M. Beckley 49 and summarized in several related publications 18 , 19 , 23 . To our knowledge, these elements are not yet commercially available, but can be readily manufactured by a skilled machine shop.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birefringent Fourier filtering for single molecule coordinate and height super-resolution imaging with dithering and orientation

et al. 2020

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Super-resolution imaging based on single molecule localization allows accessing nanometric-scale information in biological samples with high precision. However, complete measurements including molecule orientation are still challenging. Orientation is intrinsically coupled to position in microscopy imaging, and molecular wobbling during the image integration time can bias orientation measurements. Providing 3D molecular orientation and orientational fluctuations would offer new ways to assess the degree of alignment of protein structures, which cannot be monitored by pure localization. Here we demonstrate that by adding polarization control to phase control in the Fourier plane of the imaging path, all parameters can be determined unambiguously from single molecules: 3D spatial position, 3D orientation and wobbling or dithering angle. The method, applied to fluorescent labels attached to single actin filaments, provides precisions within tens of nanometers in position and few degrees in orientation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringent Fourier filtering for single molecule coordinate and height super-resolution imaging with dithering and orientation

et al. 2020

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“…In this work, we demonstrate theoretically how a stressed engineered optic (SEO), along with wave plates, can be used to demonstrate QRWs (a diagram of an SEO is seen in Fig. 1 plications such as polarimetry and generation of optical beams with unconventional polarization states [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Recently, they have been shown to generate beams with multiple singularities (both phase vortices and polarization C-points) [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical analysis of quantum random walks with stress-engineered optics

et al. 2019

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Quantum random walks (QRWs) are random processes in which the resulting probability density of the "walker" state, whose movement is governed by a "coin" state, is described in a non-classical manner. Previously, Q-plates have been used to demonstrate QRWs with polarization and orbital angular momentum playing the role of coin and walker states, respectively. In this theoretical analysis, we show how stress-engineered optics can be used to develop new platforms for complex QRWs through relative simple optical elements. Our work opens up new paths to speed up classicalto-quantum transitions in robust photonic networks.

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“…The pupil plane is described by a radial coordinate u = sin θ and an azimuthal angle φ. independent fluorescent molecules [9]. Star test polarimetry can also be applied for imaging continuous objects if these are discretized by placing a pinhole array in the object plane of an afocal 4 f relay system with unit magnification [10,11]. In all these applications, the polarization state of each object point can then be deduced from the corresponding PSF in the image plane, provided that the PSFs from different points do not overlap significantly.…”

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Optimal birefringence distributions for imaging polarimetry

Vella¹,

Alonso²

2019

Opt. Express

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Star test polarimetry is an imaging polarimetry technique in which an element with spatially-varying birefringence is placed in the pupil plane to encode polarization information into the point-spread function (PSF) of an imaging system. In this work, a variational calculation is performed to find the optimal birefringence distribution that effectively encodes polarization information while producing the smallest possible PSF, thus maximizing the resolution for imaging polarimetry. This optimal solution is found to be nearly equivalent to the birefringence distribution that results from a glass window being subjected to three uniformly spaced stress points at its edges, which has been used in previous star test polarimetry setups. IntroductionPolarimetry is the measurement of the polarization state of light and/or the polarization properties of materials. Such measurements are usually characterized in terms of the Stokes parameters and the Mueller matrix, respectively, which are directly accessible from measurements of the intensity. Imaging polarimetry, in which the polarization is measured as a function of position, is particularly important in applications ranging from microscopy to remote sensing.Conventional techniques for Stokes polarimetry require multiple intensity measurements, either through time-sequencing or by splitting different polarization components into several separate detection channels [1,2]. For example, one common method uses a rotating quarter-wave plate (QWP) followed by a fixed linear polarizer, in which the Stokes parameters are deduced from successive intensity measurements with the QWP oriented at different angles [3]. While these techniques can produce highly accurate measurements, they can be relatively complicated and/or time-consuming, generally involving moving parts or multiple beam paths.When a short acquisition time is desirable, rapid polarization measurements may be taken using single-shot polarimetry, in which the Stokes parameters are estimated from a single intensity measurement. A variety of methods exist for single-shot polarimetry, involving gradient index lenses [4], patterned nanoscale gratings [4], or a split aperture composed of multiple polarizers [5]. One particularly simple method, referred to as star test polarimetry, uses a spatially-varying birefringent mask (BM) followed by a uniform polarization analyzer in the pupil plane of an exit-telecentric imaging system. With an appropriately chosen birefringence distribution, the inserted elements can encode full polarization information into the shape of the PSF in the rear focal plane of the lens. This method has been demonstrated experimentally using a stress-engineered optic (SEO), which is a BK7 glass window subjected to stress with trigonal symmetry at its periphery, followed by a circular analyzer [6,7]. Natural applications for this approach are those in which the object is a sparse set of discrete points, such as in astronomy and confocal microscopy. A recent specific application was the real-time monitorin...

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Pinhole array implementation of star test polarimetry

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Birefringent Fourier filtering for single molecule coordinate and height super-resolution imaging with dithering and orientation

Birefringent Fourier filtering for single molecule coordinate and height super-resolution imaging with dithering and orientation

Theoretical analysis of quantum random walks with stress-engineered optics

Optimal birefringence distributions for imaging polarimetry

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