Pituitary-Adrenal Functions in a Hereditary Hypothyroid (rdw) Rat

Tohei, Atsushi; Umezu, Motoaki; Kanai, Tatsuaki; Yamaguchi, Keiichiro; Kosaku, Akinori; Kon, Hiroe; Shinoda, Motoo

doi:10.1538/expanim.59.95

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The result of the present study indicated that the restraint stress significantly increased plasma and salivary corticosterone levels ( Fig. 2 ), and our observations agreed with previous studies, reporting plasma corticosterone levels in mice and rats treated with restraint stress [ 9 , 22 , 28 , 29 ]. In humans, saliva, in addition to blood samples, is readily available for the measurement of cortisol in various stress-related studies [ 8 , 13 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of response to restraint stress by salivary corticosterone levels in adult male mice

Nohara

Tohei

Sato

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Saliva as a sampling method is a low invasive technique for the detection of physiologically active substances, as opposed to sampling the plasma or serum. In this study, we obtained glucocorticoids transferred from the blood to the saliva from mice treated with 2.0 mg/kg via an intraperitoneal injection of cortisol. Next, to evaluate the effect of restraint stress using mouse saliva—collected under anesthesia by mixed anesthetic agents—we measured plasma and salivary corticosterone levels at 60 min after restraint stress. Moreover, to evaluate salivary corticosterone response to stress in the same individual mouse, an adequate recovery period (1, 3 and 7 days) after anesthesia was examined. The results demonstrate that exogenous cortisol was detected in the saliva and the plasma, in mice treated with cortisol. Restraint stress significantly increased corticosterone levels in both the plasma and saliva (P<0.001). Monitoring the results of individual mice showed that restraint stress significantly increased salivary corticosterone levels in all three groups (1-, 3- and 7-day recovery). However, the statistical evidence of corticosterone increase is stronger in the 7-day recovery group (P<0.001) than in the others (P<0.05). These results suggest that the corticosterone levels in saliva reflect its levels in the plasma, and salivary corticosterone is a useful, less-invasive biomarker of physical stress in mice. The present study may contribute to concepts of Reduction and Refinement of the three Rs in small animal experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of response to restraint stress by salivary corticosterone levels in adult male mice

Nohara

Tohei

Sato

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Self Cite

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“…The corticosterone level was increased by restraint stress treatment during the lactation period. Our observation was comparable with previous studies where plasma corticosterone levels were increased in mice and rats treated with restraint stress [ 9 , 18 , 19 , 26 ]. In addition, the body weight of maternal mice during the stress treatment was decreased by restraint stress as the days passed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Restraint stress in lactating mice alters the levels of sulfur-containing amino acids in milk

Nishigawa

Nagamachi

Ito

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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It is well known that maternal stress during the gestation and lactation periods induces abnormal behavior in the offspring and causes a lowering of the offspring’s body weight. Various causes of maternal stress during the lactation period, relating to, for example, maternal nutritional status and reduced maternal care, have been considered. However, little is known about the effects on milk of maternal stress during the lactation period. The current study aimed to determine whether free amino acids, with special reference to sulfur-containing amino acids in milk, are altered by restraint stress in lactating mice. The dams in the stress group were restrained for 30 min at postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Restraint stress caused a reduction in the body weight of lactating mice. The concentration of taurine and cystathionine in milk was significantly higher in the stress group, though stress did not alter their concentration in maternal plasma. The ratio of taurine concentration in milk to its concentration in maternal plasma was significantly higher in the stress group, suggesting that stress promoted taurine transportation into milk. Furthermore, taurine concentration in milk was positively correlated with corticosterone levels in plasma. In conclusion, restraint stress in lactating mice caused the changes in the metabolism and in the transportation of sulfur-containing amino acids and resulted in higher taurine concentration in milk. Taurine concentration in milk could also be a good parameter for determining stress status in dams.

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Adrenal Steroids in Female Hypothyroid Neonates: Unraveling an Association Between Thyroid Hormones and Adrenal Remodeling

Galanou

Chouliaras

Girginoudis

et al. 2019

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context The adrenal gland undergoes substantial remodeling during the neonatal period, an essential developmental process that remains incompletely understood. With respect to control over the remodeling process and, specifically, the role of thyroid hormones (THs), no human studies have been published. The effects of both hypo- and hyperthyroidism have only been evaluated in adults, focusing on the mature adrenal. Recent studies have identified expression of the TH receptor β1 in the mouse adrenal X-zone and have demonstrated that TH administration could alter the postnatal adrenal remodeling process. Objective To address whether THs influence adrenal steroid profiles and adrenal remodeling during the neonatal period. Methods We compared the adrenal steroid profile of a naturally occurring prototype, female neonates with severe congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (n = 22, upon diagnosis of CH), with that of euthyroid neonates (n = 20). Results Significantly higher levels of adrenal steroids (17-OH-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Δ4-androstenedione, and testosterone) were measured in neonates with severe CH compared with euthyroid neonates and returned to within normal range after euthyroid state had been established on l-thyroxine replacement therapy, whereas cortisol levels did not differ. TSH values in the CH group were positively correlated with circulating adrenal steroids, whereas free T4 levels were negatively correlated with circulating adrenal steroids. Conclusions The hormonal profile of female neonates with severe CH suggests a more active adrenal fetal zone compared with control subjects. These data indirectly associate THs with the adrenal remodeling and maturation process in humans. Based on our results, we suggest that severe hypothyroidism decelerates the involution of the adrenal fetal zone that normally occurs postnatally.

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Pituitary-Adrenal Functions in a Hereditary Hypothyroid (rdw) Rat

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of response to restraint stress by salivary corticosterone levels in adult male mice

Evaluation of response to restraint stress by salivary corticosterone levels in adult male mice

Restraint stress in lactating mice alters the levels of sulfur-containing amino acids in milk

Adrenal Steroids in Female Hypothyroid Neonates: Unraveling an Association Between Thyroid Hormones and Adrenal Remodeling

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