Placenta as a Source of Stem Cells and as a Key Organ for Fetomaternal Tolerance

Parolini, Ornella; Soncini, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-718-9_2

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…However, the expression level of HLA-E and PD-L2 in hBMSCs was still remarkably lower than in hAECs and hAFMSCs even after IFN- γ treatment. Interestingly, HLA-G, HLA-E, PD-L1, and PD-L2 have been found to play key roles in maternal-fetus immunotolerance in various studies [ 20 , 30 , 31 ]. In fact, it was found that both PD-L1 and PD-L2 may play key roles in both T-cell- and B-cell-mediated immunotolerance, as inhibiting antigen-stimulated cell activation and proinflammatory cytokines production [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2015

Stem Cells International

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Emerging evidence suggests amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) as a promising source of progenitor cells in regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering. However, investigations comparing the regenerative properties of AECs with other sources of stem cells are particularly needed before the feasibility of AECs in bone tissue engineering can be determined. This study aimed to compare human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and human amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) in terms of their morphology, proliferation, immunophenotype profile, and osteogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Not only greatly distinguished by cell morphology and proliferation, hAECs, hAFMSCs, and hBMSCs exhibited remarkably different signature regarding immunophenotypical profile. Microarray analysis revealed a different expression profile of genes involved in ossification along the three cell sources, highlighting the impact of different anatomical origin and molecular response to osteogenic induction on the final tissue-forming potential. Furthermore, our data indicated a potential role of FOXC2 in early osteogenic commitment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2015

Stem Cells International

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“…[ 53 ] the ongoing researches have suggested that the amniotic epithelium retains the reservoir of stem cells throughout the pregnancy as the researchers have successfully generated ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal cell lineages using HESCs. [ 54 55 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human amnion membrane: Potential applications in oral and periodontal field

Mohan

Bajaj

Gundappa

2017

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is derived from the fetal membranes which consist of the inner amniotic membrane made of single layer of amnion cells fixed to collagen-rich mesenchyme attached to chorion. HAM has low immunogenicity, anti-inflammatory properties and their cells can be isolated without the sacrifice of human embryos. Amniotic membrane has biological properties which are important for the experimental and clinical applications in managing patients of various medical specialties. Abundant, natural and wonderful biomembrane not only protects the foetus but also has various clinical applications in the field of dermatology, ophthalmology, ENT surgery, orthopedics and dental surgery. As it is discarded post-partum it may be useful for regenerative medicine and cell therapy to treat damaged or diseased tissues.

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“…Since the MS-hippocampus-mPFC memory circuit consists of a cholinergic system, 12 21 we first assessed cholinergic neuronal activities in the three regions of interest using an AChE assay. Injection of 192 IgG-saporin tended decrease AChE activity in the MS and led to a decline in AChE activities in the downstream hippocampus and mPFC regions as well ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human placenta-derived MSCs (pMSCs) exhibit high adhesive and secretory properties. 11 Moreover, procurement of pMSCs does not conflict with ethical concerns 12 and they display phenotypic plasticity. 13 They are also immunologically privileged 14 and are easily obtainable without invasive procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Dementia Rat Model via Microglial Mediation: a Comparison between Stem Cell Transplant Methods

et al. 2018

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PurposeLoss of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus is a hallmark of many dementias. Administration of stem cells as a therapeutic intervention for patients is under active investigation, but the optimal stem cell type and transplantation modality has not yet been established. In this study, we studied the therapeutic effects of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) in dementia rat model using either intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intravenous (IV) injections and analyzed their mechanisms of therapeutic action.Materials and MethodsDementia modeling was established by intraventricular injection of 192 IgG-saporin, which causes lesion of cholinergic neurons. Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, lesion, lesion+ICV injection of pMSCs, lesion+IV injection of pMSCs, and lesion+donepezil. Rats were subjected to the Morris water maze and subsequent immunostaining analyses.ResultsBoth ICV and IV pMSC administrations allowed significant cognitive recovery compared to the lesioned rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly rescued in the hippocampus of rats injected with pMSCs post-lesion. Choline acetyltransferase did not co-localize with pMSCs, showing that pMSCs did not directly differentiate into cholinergic cells. Number of microglial cells increased in lesioned rats and significantly decreased back to normal levels with pMSC injection.ConclusionOur results suggest that ICV and IV injections of pMSCs facilitate the recovery of cholinergic neuronal populations and cognitive behavior. This recovery likely occurs through paracrine effects that resemble microglia function rather than direct differentiation of injected pMSCs into cholinergic neurons.

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Placenta as a Source of Stem Cells and as a Key Organ for Fetomaternal Tolerance

Cited by 9 publications

References 114 publications

Comparative Investigation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering

Comparative Investigation of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering

Human amnion membrane: Potential applications in oral and periodontal field

Effect of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Dementia Rat Model via Microglial Mediation: a Comparison between Stem Cell Transplant Methods

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