Plant and pathogen nutrient acquisition strategies

Fatima, Urooj; Senthil‐Kumar, Muthappa

doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00750

Cited by 154 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…In light of this within-host nutrient heterogeneity and because different pathogens differ in their nutrient requirements (41), occupy different plant tissues, and can have different within-host growth strategies, a single host individual may provide a suitable habitat for a wide range of pathogens. Indeed, partitioning of the resource niche may promote coexistence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbial species sharing the same host (118,119).…”

Section: Nutrient Supply and Host Tissues As Patchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

Borer

Laine

Seabloom

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Plant disease arises from the interaction of processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales. With new tools such as next-generation sequencing, we are learning about the diversity of microbes circulating within and among plant populations and often coinhabiting host individuals. The proliferation of pathogenic microbes depends on single-species dynamics and multispecies interactions occurring within and among host cells, the spatial organization and genetic landscape of hosts, the frequency and mode of transmission among hosts and host populations, and the abiotic environmental context. Here, we examine empirical evidence from these multiple scales to assess the utility of metacommunity theory, a theoretical framework developed for free-living organisms to further our understanding of and assist in predicting plant-pathogen infection and spread. We suggest that deeper understanding of disease dynamics can arise through the application of this conceptual framework at scales ranging from individual cells to landscapes. In addition, we use this multiscale theoretical perspective to synthesize existing knowledge, generate novel hypotheses, and point toward promising future opportunities for the study of plant pathogens in natural populations.

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Section: Nutrient Supply and Host Tissues As Patchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

Borer

Laine

Seabloom

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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“…The ability of R. solanacearum to flourish inside the plant xylem is poorly understood. Xylem sap is nutrient poor (Fatima and Senthil-Kumar, 2015); most plant carbon is sequestered intracellularly and transported in the phloem. Metabolites are 10-to 100-fold less concentrated in xylem sap than in the phloem or leaf apoplast (Fatima and Senthil-Kumar, 2015;O'Leary et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics of tomato xylem sap during bacterial wilt reveals Ralstonia solanacearum produces abundant putrescine, a metabolite that accelerates wilt disease

Lowe‐Power

Hendrich

Roepenack‐Lahaye

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

127

133

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Ralstonia solanacearum thrives in plant xylem vessels and causes bacterial wilt disease despite the low nutrient content of xylem sap. We found that R. solanacearum manipulates its host to increase nutrients in tomato xylem sap, enabling it to grow better in sap from infected plants than in sap from healthy plants. Untargeted GC/MS metabolomics identified 22 metabolites enriched in R. solanacearum-infected sap. Eight of these could serve as sole carbon or nitrogen sources for R. solanacearum. Putrescine, a polyamine that is not a sole carbon or nitrogen source for R. solanacearum, was enriched 76-fold to 37 µM in R. solanacearum-infected sap. R. solanacearum synthesized putrescine via a SpeC ornithine decarboxylase. A ΔspeC mutant required ≥ 15 µM exogenous putrescine to grow and could not grow alone in xylem even when plants were treated with putrescine. However, co-inoculation with wildtype rescued ΔspeC growth, indicating R. solanacearum produced and exported putrescine to xylem sap. Intriguingly, treating plants with putrescine before inoculation accelerated wilt symptom development and R. solanacearum growth and systemic spread. Xylem putrescine concentration was unchanged in putrescine-treated plants, so the exogenous putrescine likely accelerated disease indirectly by affecting host physiology. These results indicate that putrescine is a pathogen-produced virulence metabolite.

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“…For example, tomato xylem sap contains a small amount of glucose and fructose as well as low concentrations of glutamine, followed by asparagine, GABA and other amino acids (Zuluaga et al ., ). Analysis of xylem sap from different plant species showed potassium as the most abundant mineral nutrient, followed by nitrate and chloride (Fatima and Senthil‐Kumar, ). Global expression analyses have been used to understand how R. solanacearum survives and succeeds within the host xylem (Brown and Allen, ; Jacobs et al ., ; Ailloud et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–phytopathogen interactions: bacterial responses to environmental and plant stimuli

Léonard

Hommais

Nasser

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Plant pathogenic bacteria attack numerous agricultural crops, causing devastating effects on plant productivity and yield. They survive in diverse environments, both in plants, as pathogens, and also outside their hosts as saprophytes. Hence, they are confronted with numerous changing environmental parameters. During infection, plant pathogens have to deal with stressful conditions, such as acidic, oxidative and osmotic stresses; anaerobiosis; plant defenses; and contact with antimicrobial compounds. These adverse conditions can reduce bacterial survival and compromise disease initiation and propagation. Successful bacterial plant pathogens must detect potential hosts and also coordinate their possibly conflicting programs for survival and virulence. Consequently, these bacteria have a strong and finely tuned capacity for sensing and responding to environmental and plant stimuli. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the signals and genetic circuits that affect survival and virulence factor expression in three important and well‐studied plant pathogenic bacteria with wide host ranges and the capacity for long‐term environmental survival. These are: Ralstonia solanacerarum, a vascular pathogen that causes wilt disease; Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a biotrophic tumorigenic pathogen responsible for crown gall disease and Dickeya, a brute force apoplastic pathogen responsible for soft‐rot disease.

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Plant and pathogen nutrient acquisition strategies

Cited by 154 publications

References 112 publications

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

Metabolomics of tomato xylem sap during bacterial wilt reveals Ralstonia solanacearum produces abundant putrescine, a metabolite that accelerates wilt disease

Plant–phytopathogen interactions: bacterial responses to environmental and plant stimuli

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