Plant Bioregulators in Apple and Pear Culture

Miller, Stephen

doi:10.1002/9781118060834.ch9

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The interaction between auxin and cytokinin positively influences plant growth and development by acting on meristems, in the formation of leaves and roots (Azizi et al, 2015). Gibberellins produced in young leaves in expansion play a primary role in stimulating the auxin reaction, directly affecting the internode elongation (Miller, 1988 The evaluations of DM production should be analyzed beyond absolute values of the phytohormones used, such as the hormonal interaction, which is comprised of a signaling network, as stated by Chaiwanon et al (2016). Hormones play key roles in promoting growth or stress responses, and each hormone acts on physiological processes and plant development, in which every process is co-regulated by multiple hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth regulator and soil fertilizer improve production and growing stage of Brachiaria decumbens

et al. 2019

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It is necessary to increase the rates of initial growth of pastures for use during the better planting period. Thus, two experiments were used to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR; auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins) in seeds types (coated with polymer coating fungicide and conventional method) and nitrogen fertilization methods in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk on the germination, growth, development and physiological composition. From the regression estimates, lower levels of PGR (10.3; 12.8; 8.85 and 9.57 ml/kg for germination percentage, germination speed index, leaf and pseudostem, respectively) were recommended in coated seeds when compared to conventional method (untreated seeds, with polymer coating and fungicide). Leaf and pseudostem mass production had a significant interaction effect between seed type and the use of growth regulator. Coated seeds (with fungicide and polymers after scarification) had greater performance with absence or at lower levels (8.85 and 9.57 ml/kg seed) of growth regulators. This was not observed for conventional seeds, the higher doses (15.5 and 18.1 ml/kg) presented higher development for the same characteristics. In second experiment, rates of photoassimilate were increased by soil fertilization and use of PGRs. No influence of foliar fertilization was observed when used exclusively, but N‐fertilization multiple and soil promotes an increase in chlorophyll content and mass yield, respectively. The use of exogenous hormonal compounds acts on the organogenesis of plant tissues and increases the formation of plant tissues and acts in the promotion of germination and development of structures, making it a key tool in pasture establishment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth regulator and soil fertilizer improve production and growing stage of Brachiaria decumbens

et al. 2019

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“…Indeed, an excess of fruits with respect to vegetative growth may lead to low fruit size and to irregular or biennal bearing in many perennial crops, particularly in apple, pear, plum, olive, and Citrus [16] . Thinning methods are thus widely used to promote fruit abscission and control fruit load [17] , [18] , [19] [1] . In apple, chemical thinning is commonly applied up to 30 days after full bloom, this period being considered optimal because fruit to fruit trophic competition and the detrimental effect of fruit on floral initiation are still low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Self-Thinning: A Trait to Consider for Genetic Improvement of Apple Tree

et al. 2014

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In apple (Malus×domestica Borkh), as in many fruiting crops, fruit maintenance vs abscission is a major criteria for production profitability. Growers routinely make use of chemical thinning agents to control total fruit load. However, serious threats for the environment lead to the demand for new apple cultivars with self-thinning properties. In this project, we studied the genetic determinism of this trait using a F1 progeny derived from the cross between the hybrid INRA X3263, assumed to possess the self-thinning trait, and the cultivar ‘Belrène’. Both counting and percentage variables were considered to capture the fruiting behaviour on different shoot types and over three consecutive years. Besides low to moderate but significant genetic effects, mixed models showed considerable effects of the year and the shoot type, as well as an interaction effect. Year effect resulted mainly from biennial fruiting. Eight Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) were detected on several linkage groups (LG), either independent or specific of the year of observation or the shoot type. The QTL with highest LOD value was located on the top third of LG10. The screening of three QTL zones for candidate genes revealed a list of transcription factors and genes involved in fruit nutrition, xylem differentiation, plant responses to starvation and organ abscission that open new avenues for further molecular investigations. The detailed phenotyping performed revealed the dependency between the self-thinning trait and the fruiting status of the trees. Despite a moderate genetic control of the self-thinning trait, QTL and candidate genes were identified which will need further analyses involving other progenies and molecular investigations.

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“…The interaction between auxin and cytokinin positively influences plant growth and development by acting on meristems, in the formation of leaves and roots [30]. Gibberellins produced in young leaves in expansion play a primary role in stimulating the auxin reaction, directly affecting the internode elongation [31]. This cross-effect is due to the participation of intermediate receptors of one hormone interacting with components of another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plant growth regulators and nitrogen sources on the production and development of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk

et al. 2018

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28The aim was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with plant growth regulators 29 and nitrogen fertilization methods in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk on the growth 30 and development through germinative characteristics, dry matter yield and physiological 31 composition. Plant growth regulators increased germination and mass yields of plant 32 structures in coated seeds. From the regression estimates, higher germination 33 percentages and root dry mass production were obtained with the use of Plant growth 34 regulators for the initial growth (10.3; 12.8 mL.kg -1 seed, respectively). Leaf and 35 pseudostem mass production had a significant interaction effect between seed type and 36 the use of growth regulator. Coated seeds had greater performance with absence or at 37 lower levels of growth regulators, and embryo quality contributed to the greater 38 formation of plant tissues. More efficient levels (8.85 and 9.57 mL.kg -1 seed) were 39 observed for the yields of plant structures (leaf and pseudostem). Soil N-fertilization 40 resulted in higher dry mass productions of leaf, stem, shoot and root, as well as for root 41 volume. Rates of photoassimilate were increased by soil fertilization and use of plant 42 growth regulators. The use of exogenous hormonal compounds acts on the 43 organogenesis of plant tissues and increases the development of Brachiaria decumbens 44 cv. Basilisk. Soil N-fertilization increase mass yields as it maximizes photosynthetic 45 processes and growth rates.46 47 3 50 Consequently, greater seed efficiency as regards germination and speed of emergence of 51 seedlings are necessary. Management practices are essential to improve herbage 52 production process using the climatic conditions that favor the development and use of 53 pasture. 54 The application of synthetic compounds as growth promoters in plants is based 55 on the effect similar to that of phytohormones. Phytohormones (auxins, gibberellins and 56 cytokinins) and the combination of these compounds regulate homeostasis [1]. The 57 PGR acts directly in the signaling network that, through intermediary metabolites, 58 activate genes and then plant responses, such as photosynthesis and the degradation of 59 monosaccharide and proteins. 60 Growth regulators can potentiate the performance of plants in stress-prone 61 environments, acting on biochemical reactions linked to plant growth. Applications of 62 PGRs based on gibberellic compounds at high levels of active principle per area are 63 shown to be an uneconomical pasture management tool, with reductions in forage mass 64 as application increases. Low concentrations of gibberellin (GA) of 5-10 g.ha -1 are 65 enough to positively affect forage yield [2]. 66 PGRs have demonstrated potential applications under stress conditions as they 67 act on the positive regulation of genes linked to the growth and development of plants, 68 increase mechanical impedance in dry soils and improve water use [3]. The use of 69 growth regulators can be applied as an effective technique in plan...

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Plant Bioregulators in Apple and Pear Culture

Cited by 19 publications

References 315 publications

Plant growth regulator and soil fertilizer improve production and growing stage of Brachiaria decumbens

Plant growth regulator and soil fertilizer improve production and growing stage of Brachiaria decumbens

Fruit Self-Thinning: A Trait to Consider for Genetic Improvement of Apple Tree

Influence of plant growth regulators and nitrogen sources on the production and development of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk

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