Plant hydrolytic enzymes (chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases) in root reactions to pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms

Dumas‐Gaudot, Eliane; Slezack, S; Dassi, B.; Pozo, Marı́a J.; Gianinazzi‐Pearson, Vivienne; Gianinazzi, Silvio

doi:10.1007/bf02257526

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Other authors have obtained similar findings, that transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris-and Nicotiana tabacum-expressing chitinases and pathogenesis-related proteins did not influence the establishment of mycorrhizal infection by G. mosseae (76,77). These results may be explained by the ability of AM fungi to tolerate plant defense compounds during the early stages of mycorrhizal infection (11,18,44,78). Plant residues did not affect germination ability and hyphal growth of presymbiotic mycelium of G. mosseae, while a significantly lower percentage of colonization by indigenous AM fungi was found 4 months after Bt 11 corn residues were plowed under.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Castaldini

Turrini²,

Sbrana

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

192

123

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A polyphasic approach has been developed to gain knowledge of suitable key indicators for the evaluation of environmental impact of genetically modified Bt 11 and Bt 176 corn lines on soil ecosystems. We assessed the effects of Bt corn (which constitutively expresses the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis, encoded by the truncated Cry1Ab gene) and non-Bt corn plants and their residues on rhizospheric and bulk soil eubacterial communities by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses of 16S rRNA genes, on the nontarget mycorrhizal symbiont Glomus mosseae, and on soil respiration. Microcosm experiments showed differences in rhizospheric eubacterial communities associated with the three corn lines and a significantly lower level of mycorrhizal colonization in Bt 176 corn roots. In greenhouse experiments, differences between Bt and non-Bt corn plants were detected in rhizospheric eubacterial communities (both total and active), in culturable rhizospheric heterotrophic bacteria, and in mycorrhizal colonization. Plant residues of transgenic plants, plowed under at harvest and kept mixed with soil for up to 4 months, affected soil respiration, bacterial communities, and mycorrhizal establishment by indigenous endophytes. The multimodal approach utilized in our work may be applied in long-term field studies aimed at monitoring the real hazard of genetically modified crops and their residues on nontarget soil microbial communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Castaldini

Turrini²,

Sbrana

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

192

123

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“…Among pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), primarily chitinase and glucanase possess potential antifungal activities through degradation of fungal cell walls (Dumas-Gaudot, 1996). In addition, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase are a structurally and functionally diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes involved in defense reactions of plants against pathogens (Jackson and Taylor, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces griseus H7602 Against Root Rot Disease (Phytophthora capsici) in Pepper

Nguyen¹,

Naing²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

The Plant Pathology Journal

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The root rot of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the most important diseases affecting this crop worldwide. This work presents the evaluation of the capacity of Streptomyces griseus H7602 to protect pepper plants against Phytophthora capsici and establishes its role as a biocontrol agent. In this study, we isolated an actinomycete strain H7602 from rhizosphere soil, identified it as Streptomyces griseus by 16S rRNA analysis and demonstrated its antifungal activity against various plant pathogens including P. capsici. H7602 produced lytic emzymes such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, lipase and protease. In addition, crude extract from H7602 also exhibited destructive activity toward P. capsici hyphae. In the pot trial, results showed the protective effect of H7602 against pepper from P. capsici. Application of H7602 culture suspension reduced 47.35% of root mortality and enhanced growth of pepper plants for 56.37% in fresh root and 17.56% g in fresh shoot as compared to control, resulting in greater protection to pepper plants against P. capsici infestation. Additionally, the enzymatic activities, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, were higher in rhizosphere soil and roots of pepper plants treated with H7602 than other treated plants. Therefore, our results indicated a clear potential of S. griseus H7602 to be used for biocontrol of root rot disease caused by P. capsici in pepper.

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“…À ce titre, elles sont reconnues pour leur activité antifongique (Dumas-Gaudot et al 1996). Une hausse de l'activité des chitinases et ß-glucanases a été observée chez les racines de légumineuses avant même tout contact racinaire avec Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith (Volpin et al 1994) ainsi qu'au début de la colonisation, pour ensuite diminuer et pratiquement disparaître une fois la mycorhization établie et fonctionnelle (Lambais et Mehdy 1993;Spanu et al 1989).…”

Section: Mécanismes De Défenseunclassified

Les mycorhizes : un outil de protection des plantes mais non une panacée

Dalpé

2005

phyto

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Les mycorhizes arbusculaires constituent la symbiose végétale la plus répandue à l’échelle planétaire. Les champignons concernés, regroupés dans le phylum Glomeromycota et distribués sur l’ensemble des écosystèmes, colonisent la majorité des plantes terrestres. Aux avantages bien connus des mycorhizes sur la croissance végétale, s’ajoutent plusieurs bénéfices, notamment pour la survie des plantes, leur biodiversité, l’impact sur la microflore du sol et le potentiel d’agent de réduction des stress tant abiotiques que biotiques. Devant une telle panoplie d’avantages pour les plantes et l’environnement, on pourrait croire que les mycorhizes représentent une panacée à plusieurs problèmes liés à la production et à la protection des végétaux. Le complexe « plante-mycorhize-parasite-environnement » constitue la norme à maintenir ou à retrouver pour assurer la durabilité de l’environnement. Le fonctionnement des mycorhizes comme agent de lutte biologique touche globalement cinq mécanismes d’interaction. Certains concernent directement la plante, soit : 1) une stimulation de croissance par le biais d’un apport nutritif accru et une meilleure santé végétale, 2) une transformation morphologique au niveau racinaire, 3) l’induction ou la suppression de mécanismes de défense, notamment ceux impliquant plusieurs enzymes. D’autres agissent sur le parasite : 4) via une compétition directe avec les champignons mycorhiziens liée à la disponibilité de nutriments et de sites d’infection, et sur la structure et la qualité du sol, par le biais d’une 5) modification de la microflore et de l’augmentation du taux de matière organique.

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Plant hydrolytic enzymes (chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases) in root reactions to pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms

Cited by 64 publications

References 92 publications

Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Impact of Bt Corn on Rhizospheric and Soil Eubacterial Communities and on Beneficial Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Experimental Microcosms

Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces griseus H7602 Against Root Rot Disease (Phytophthora capsici) in Pepper

Les mycorhizes : un outil de protection des plantes mais non une panacée

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