Plant Peroxisomes: A Factory of Reactive Species

Abstract

Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage, as well as internal and external cellular stimuli. Apart from the peroxisomal metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), discovered several decades ago, new molecules with signaling potential, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), have been detected in these organelles in recent years. These molecules generate a family of derived molecules, called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), whose peroxisomal metabolism is autoregulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosation, nitration and persulfidation. The peroxisomal metabolism of these reactive species, which can be weaponized against pathogens, is susceptible to modification in response to external stimuli. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on crosstalk between these reactive species families and peroxisomes, as well as on their cellular environment in light of the well-recognized signaling properties of H 2 O 2 , NO and H 2 S.

Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator

“…Besides β-oxidation of fatty acids, O 2 •− disproportionation and flavin oxidase activity could also produce H 2 O 2 in peroxisomes [ 49 , 53 ]. In addition, polyamine oxidase, copper amine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and sarcosine oxidase enzyme activity also can generate H 2 O 2 in peroxisome [ 54 ]. However, the enzyme MDHAR has been demonstrated in peroxisomes, which helps to scavenge H 2 O 2 by AsA-GSH cycle and regenerate AsA [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Drought: Sensing, signalling, effects and tolerance in higher plants

“…Upon the occurrence of stress, increased ROS level is significant. The ROS production beyond the plant's quenching capacity is usually defined as a disruption of redox signalling and redox control, which can cause oxidative stress by damaging membrane lipids, proteins, photosynthetic pigments and nucleic acids (Corpas et al, 2020;Mukarram, Khan & Corpas, 2021a). Besides its main effect on photosynthesis, the closure of the stomata generates most of the oxidative stress during drought.…”

The Versatile Roles of Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules in Plant Defense—A Road to Disease Resistance

“…RSS are a diverse group of redox active sulfur containing compounds that are capable of either oxidizing or reducing biomolecules under physiological conditions. RSS include among others H 2 S, sulfenic acid, sulfinic acid, thiyl radicals, thiosulfinates, thiosulfonates, various persulfides and polysulfides [196][197][198]. Sulfur has unique chemical properties because it occurs in a wide range of oxidation states (from −2 to +6) in different compounds, and hence sulfur-derived metabolites are major participants of redox metabolism and post-translational modifications as well as of detoxification processes.…”