Plants as amphibians

Braendle, Roland; Crawford, R. M. M.

doi:10.1078/1433-8319-00065

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Braendle and Crawford (1999) suggested that the primary cause of mortality among perennial plants (such as Iris) due to flooding is anoxia. The ability to survive long periods of oxygen deprivation requires sufficient energy reserves, prevention of cytoplasmic acidosis, and anaerobic utilization of stored starches (Braendle and Crawford 1999). Furthermore, while plants are in anaerobic conditions, cell injury can occur, and sufficient cellular repair mechanisms are presumably needed to prevent further damage when the plants reenter an aerobic environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting Adaptive Trait Introgression BetweenIris fulvaandI. brevicaulisin Highly Selective Field Conditions

2006

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The idea that natural hybridization has served as an important force in evolutionary and adaptive diversification has gained considerable momentum in recent years. By combining genome analyses with a highly selective field experiment, we provide evidence for adaptive trait introgression between two naturally hybridizing Louisiana Iris species, flood-tolerant Iris fulva and dry-adapted I. brevicaulis. We planted reciprocal backcross (BC 1 ) hybrids along with pure-species plants into natural settings that, due to a flooding event, favored I. fulva. As expected, I. fulva plants survived at much higher rates than I. brevicaulis plants. Backcross hybrids toward I. fulva (BCIF) also survived at significantly higher rates than the reciprocal backcross toward I. brevicaulis (BCIB). Survivorship of BCIB hybrids was strongly influenced by the presence of a number of introgressed I. fulva alleles located throughout the genome, while survivorship in the reciprocal BCIF hybrids was heavily influenced by two epistatically acting QTL of opposite effects. These results demonstrate the potential for adaptive trait introgression between these two species and may help to explain patterns of genetic variation observed in naturally occurring hybrid zones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Adaptive Trait Introgression BetweenIris fulvaandI. brevicaulisin Highly Selective Field Conditions

2006

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“…drought as opposed to flooding, low soil pH vs. high soil pH) (Crawford 1997;Braendle and Crawford 1999). Differentiation into genetically distinct ecotypic populations for adaptation to these stresses may be the only choice available for survival.…”

Section: Incompatible Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold climate plants in a warmer world

Crawford

2008

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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The present cold adapted floras of arctic and alpine regions are frequently considered as being at risk from climatic warming. However, the prospect of higher temperatures liberating large areas of land from permanent ice cover in the Arctic plus a retreat of the nival zone on higher mountains could provide new terrain for the continued existence and expansion of both arctic and alpine floras. Examination in detail of these floras reveals numerous examples of species that have sufficient genetic variability to adapt phenologically and physiologically to warmer and drier conditions. The calcicole flora of the Alps is well placed to withstand the drier conditions that may arise with climatic warming. In the Arctic the polar night will persist whatever changes may take place in the temperature regime. There will therefore always be features of the arctic environment that will be distinctive and can be expected to provide a habitat for a polar flora. The polar bear with its complete dependence on sea ice for hunting seals may disappear. However, cold climate floras by contrast will find sufficient heterogeneity in the arctic and alpine habitats and variation within species to evolve and provide adapted species that may benefit from higher temperatures and longer growing seasons.

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“…Remarkable plasticity in morphology (Pedersen and Sand-Jensen 1992;Nielsen and SandJensen 1997), photosynthesis (Maberly and Spence 1989;Nielsen 1993), and metabolism (Braendle and Crawford 1999) enables these plants to grow both under terrestrial and submerged conditions. However, some studies have shown that water depth affected life history traits such as growth and reproduction in amphibious plants as well as in other aquatic vascular plants (Brock 1991;Moeller 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual reproduction under fluctuating water levels in an amphibious plant Schoenoplectus lineolatus (Cyperaceae): a waiting strategy?

Ishii

Kadono

2004

Limnology

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Sexual reproduction of an amphibious macrophyte Schoenoplectus lineolatus (Fr. et Stav.) T. Koyama (Cyperaceae) was observed in three irrigation ponds with different water regimes in Hyogo Prefecture, western Japan. In each pond, inflorescence formation, flowering (anthesis), and seed set were recorded at three water depths (shallow, middle, and deep). Inflorescence formation was observed under submerged conditions in the three ponds. In Oku-ike Pond, anthesis was observed when the water level dropped in August and early September. Flowers opened after the emergence of the inflorescence into the air. In contrast, anthesis did not occur, despite inflorescence formation, in the other two ponds with no water level drop or a short period of water level drop. Submerged inflorescences could not set seeds unless pollination had already occurred in the air. Finally, inflorescence formation under submerged conditions was considered to be a waiting strategy for water drawdown in the irrigation ponds where marked water level decreases occur from summer to autumn. Anthesis can quickly start soon after the emergence of inflorescences.

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Plants as amphibians

Cited by 50 publications

References 69 publications

Detecting Adaptive Trait Introgression BetweenIris fulvaandI. brevicaulisin Highly Selective Field Conditions

Detecting Adaptive Trait Introgression BetweenIris fulvaandI. brevicaulisin Highly Selective Field Conditions

Cold climate plants in a warmer world

Sexual reproduction under fluctuating water levels in an amphibious plant Schoenoplectus lineolatus (Cyperaceae): a waiting strategy?

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