Plasma Activation of Carbon Nanotubes for Chemical Modification

Chen, Qidao; Dai, Liming; Gao, Mei; Huang, Shaoming; Mau, Albert W. H.

doi:10.1021/jp003385g

Cited by 272 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[114][115][116][117][118][119] To optimize the potential applications of CNTs, it is essential to modify the inner side-walls by chemical functionalization and attach suitable nanoclusters to the nanotubes. [120,121] Thus, functionalized nanoparticles could be used as versatile building blocks for the construction of www.chemeurj.org nanodevices, for example, the attachment of AuNPs to CNT sidewalls shows particularly great promise towards novel, highly, efficient photo-electrochemical cells, fuel cells, or even sensor devices.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Gold‐Based Materials: A Symbiosis

Singh

Premkumar

Shin

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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Carbon nanotubes constitute a novel class of nanomaterials with potential applications in many areas. The attachment of metal nanoparticles to carbon nanotubes is new way to obtain novel hybrid materials with interesting properties for various applications such as catalysts and gas sensors as well as electronic and magnetic devices. Their unique properties such as excellent electronic properties, a good chemical stability, and a large surface area make carbon nanotubes very useful as a support for gold nanoparticles in many potential applications, ranging from advanced catalytic systems through very sensitive electrochemical sensors and biosensors to highly efficient fuel cells. Here we give an overview on the recent progress in this area by exploring the various synthesis approaches and types of assemblies, in which nanotubes can be decorated with gold nanoparticles and explore the diverse applications of the resulting composites.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Gold‐Based Materials: A Symbiosis

Singh

Premkumar

Shin

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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“…Plasma nanocoatings/modifications have been used to reduce agglomerations by modifying the surface of nanomaterials [9]. Plasma nanocoating of individual nanoparticles in particular proves effective in breaking up nanoparticle agglomeration [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Plasma nanocoatings generally contain functional groups which electrostatically prevent agglomeration and can also enhance interactions with the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Treated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) for Epoxy Nanocomposites

Ritts

et al. 2011

Polymers

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Plasma nanocoating of allylamine were deposited on the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to provide desirable functionalities and thus to tailor the surface characteristics of MWCNTs for improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion in epoxy matrices. Plasma nanocoated MWCNTs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), surface contact angle, and pH change measurements. Mechanical testing results showed that epoxy reinforced with 1.0 wt % plasma coated MWCNTs increased the tensile strength by 54% as compared with the pure epoxy control, while epoxy reinforced with untreated MWCNTs have lower tensile strength than the pure epoxy control. Optical and electron microscopic images show enhanced dispersion of plasma coated MWCNTs in epoxy compared to untreated MWCNTs. Plasma nanocoatings from allylamine on MWCNTs could significantly enhance their dispersion and interfacial adhesion in epoxy matrices. Simulation results based on the shear-lag model derived from micromechanics OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2011, 3 2143 also confirmed that plasma nanocoating on MWCNTs significantly improved the epoxy/fillers interface bonding and as a result the increased composite strength.

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“…540 eV was also observed for both N-graphene and C-graphene, 29,30 possibly due to the incorporation physically adsorbed oxygen as in the case with CNTs. 28,31 Thus, the higher O 1s peak relative to the corresponding C 1s peak seen for the N-graphene than that of the C-graphene suggests a stronger O 2 adsorption on the former, an additional advantage as the ORR electrode. The absence of any Ni peak in the XPS spectrum for the N-graphene clearly indicates that the Ni catalyst residues, if any, have been completely removed by the HCl solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells

et al. 2010

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. ¶ These authors contributed equally.P latinum (Pt) nanoparticles have long been regarded as the best catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, though the Pt-based electrode still suffers from its susceptibility to timedependent drift and CO deactivation. 1Ϫ3 Furthermore, the high cost of the Pt catalysts, together with the limited reserves of Pt in nature, has been shown to be the major "showstopper" to mass market fuel cells for commercial applications. That is why the large-scale practical application of fuel cells has not been realized, though alkaline fuel cells with platinum as an ORR electrocatalyst were developed for the Apollo lunar mission in the 1960s. 4 Along with recent intensive research efforts in reducing or replacing Ptbased electrodes in fuel cells, 3,5Ϫ11 we have found that vertically aligned nitrogencontaining carbon nanotubes (VA-NCNTs) produced by pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine (a metal heterocyclic molecule containing nitrogen), 12 in either the presence or absence of additional NH 3 vapor, 3 could act as effective metal-free ORR electrocatalysts. The metal-free VA-NCNTs were shown to catalyze a four-electron ORR process free from CO "poisoning" with a 3-time higher electrocatalytic activity, smaller crossover effect, and better long-term operation stability than that of commercially available Pt-based electrodes (C2Ϫ20, 20% platinumonVulcanXC-72R; E-TEK) in alkaline electrolytes. 3 On the basis of the experimental observations and quantum mechanics calculations, we attributed the improved catalytic performance to the electronaccepting ability of the nitrogen atoms, which creates a net positive charge on adjacent carbon atoms in the nanotube carbon plane of VA-NCNTs to readily attract electrons from the anode for facilitating the ORR. 3 Uncovering this new ORR mechanism in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube electrodes is significant as the same principle could be applied to the development of various other metal-free efficient ORR catalysts for fuel cell applications.The recent discovery of graphene has opened up a new era of 2-dimensional (2D) fundamental science and potential technology. 13Ϫ15 As mother of all graphitic forms, graphene is a building block for carbon materials of all other dimensionalities, such as 0D buckyballs, 1D nanotubes, and 3D graphite. Having many similarities to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in structure and property, including its high aspect ratio (the ratio of lateral size to thickness), large surface, rich electronic states, and good mechanical properties, graphene is an attractive candidate for potential uses in many areas where the CNTs have been exploited. Superior to CNTs, the one atomic-thick graphene sheets with a 2D planar geometry will further facilitate electron transport, 16 and hence the more effective electrode materials.

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Plasma Activation of Carbon Nanotubes for Chemical Modification

Cited by 272 publications

References 26 publications

Carbon Nanotube and Gold‐Based Materials: A Symbiosis

Carbon Nanotube and Gold‐Based Materials: A Symbiosis

Plasma Treated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) for Epoxy Nanocomposites

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells

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