Plasma production of nanomaterials for energy storage: continuous gas-phase synthesis of metal oxide CNT materials via a microwave plasma

Abstract

Scalable, facile, and cost-effective plasma-based process for synthesis of energy storage materials.

Fabrication of aerosol-based nanoparticles and their applications in biomedical fields

“…The preparation of nanoparticles via aerosol-based technologies provides a powerful method for the fabrication of nano-constructs with precise morphology and chemical composition. Aerosol-based nanoparticles can be synthesized by either atomizing a solution with a defined composition to form fine droplets that crystallize to solid nano-constructs upon the subsequent evaporation of the solvent or by aero-to-particle conversion through nucleation and growth via condensation and coagulation, respectively (Graves et al 2020a , b ; Mohammadi 2020 ). Atomization of different types of solutions can be achieved either by nebulization or electrohydrodynamic atomization, while aero-to-particle preparation can be accomplished via spark discharge, flame, furnace or plug-in-play plasma techniques.…”

“…Due to the extremely high temperatures, solid-phase compounds evaporate into micron-sized solid particles in their aerosol state and then recondense under controlled conditions to form nanoparticles. This process is performed mainly in inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma torches (Kim et al 2020 ) and thermal microwave plasmas (Graves et al 2020a , b ). Titanium boride nanoparticles (10–30 nm in diameter) have been prepared using radiofrequency induction thermal plasma techniques, by introducing and rapidly evaporating titanium and boron powder in a plasma reactor to form nanoparticles by using a quenching process (Cheng et al 2012 ).…”

“…Cu and Cu-based alloys are widely used to control the growth and spread of harmful bacteria. Cu is a crucial micronutrient for humans but it is very toxic to bacterial cells due to Cu 2+ ion-induced ROS production and DNA damage (Graves et al 2020a , b ). Thermal-sprayed Cu coatings on hospital equipment with different composites have been shown to significantly inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Functional Nanomaterials from Waste and Low‐Value Natural Products: A Technological Approach Level

“…Advanced functional nanocomposites, nanomaterials, and complex hierarchical material systems [1][2][3][4][5] are currently considered as the means to advance and in some instances even revolutionize energy conversion, [6][7][8][9] sensors, [10][11][12][13] biosensors, [14] catalysis [15][16][17][18] and photocatalysis, [19] biotechnology, [20][21][22][23] water purification, [24,25] space exploration, [26][27][28][29] and nanomedicine. [30][31][32][33] Various methods and techniques are currently under exploration to design cheap, environmentally friendly technologies for the mass production of functional nanocomposites and nanomaterials, with the total yield for, e.g., silica reaching 1.5 million tons (Table 1) and rapidly growing.…”

Thermal preparation and characterization of nanodispersed copper-containing powders produced by non-equilibrium electrochemical oxidation of metals

“…Metal oxides are the largest part of powdered nanomaterials. Among the methods to obtain functional metal oxide materials, those of special interest include non-equilibrium pathways, like self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis, mechanochemical, plasma-chemical syntheses, electrical explosion of wires, electrospark erosion method, and electrochemical methods [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It is due to the defective structure and high internal energy storage of such materials, which cause high reactivity to phase transformations of metal oxides and their use in various processes.…”