Plasma Vitamin C Modifies the Association Between Hypertension and Risk of Stroke

Kurl, Sudhir; Tuomainen, Tomi‐Pekka; Laukkanen, Jari A.; Nyyssönen, Kristiina; Lakka, Timo A.; Sivenius, Juhani; Salonen, Jukka T.

doi:10.1161/01.str.0000017220.78722.d7

Cited by 96 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Vitamin C plasma levels over 0.8 mg dl -1 may help to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. 18,19 Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics (means of subject means) were used for mean plaque and bleeding indices and for probing pocket depths. Between group differences were examined using the MannWhitney U test and longitudinal changes within individual patients were analysed by paired t-test for probing pocket depth and vitamin C levels and by Wilcoxon sign rank test for indices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients

2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients

2005

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“…High levels have been associated with lower risks of diseases especially cardiovascular diseases (Gale et al, 1995;Khaw & Woodhouse, 1995;Bates et al, 1998;Khaw et al, 2001;Kurl et al, 2002). The differences in lifestyle that this represents may help explain the higher risk of mortality and morbidity observed in individuals of lower socioeconomic status (Bennett, 1996;Smith et al, 1996;Rosvall et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported an inverse relation between plasma ascorbic acid and cardiovascular diseases and chronic diseases (Enstrom et al, 1992;Gale et al, 1995;Khaw and Woodhouse, 1995;Bates et al, 1998;Khaw et al, 2001;Kurl et al, 2002), suggesting that ascorbic acid concentration is a good marker of lifestyles that may be conducive to good health. We found a strong socioeconomic gradient in plasma ascorbic acid level across the study population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occupational social class, educational level and area deprivation independently predict plasma ascorbic acid concentration: a cross-sectional population based study in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk)

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate the independent association between three different measures of socioeconomic status and plasma ascorbic acid level. Design: Cross-sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 20 292 men and women aged 39-79 y who participated in the EPIC-Norfolk study. Results: Individuals in manual social classes, who had no educational qualifications or those who lived in the most deprived areas had significantly lower levels of plasma ascorbic acid compared to those in nonmanual social classes, with at least O-level qualifications or who lived in less deprived areas. The magnitude of effect for each measure of socioeconomic status was greater in current smokers compared to current nonsmokers. Conclusion: Education and social class were stronger predictors of differences in ascorbic acid levels, an indicator of dietary health behaviour, than a deprivation index based on the Townsend score. This suggests that education could be particularly important in influencing large socioeconomic differentials in health related behaviours and potentially, health outcomes in the UK.

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“…Epidemiologic studies have confirmed a strong inverse relationship between serum ascorbate levels and blood pressure [61][62][63]. Plasma levels of ascorbate are lower in hypertensive subjects (mean 40 umol/L) compared to normotensive controls (mean 57 umol/L) [ 64 ].…”

Section: An Alternative Hypothesis: the Loss Of Ascorbate And Rise Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Numerous animal models have shown a key role for oxidative stress (present in the circulation, blood vessels, and kidney) in mediating hypertension [ 56 ]. Ascorbate administration also lowers blood pressure in many hypertensive animal models [58][59][60].Epidemiologic studies have confirmed a strong inverse relationship between serum ascorbate levels and blood pressure [61][62][63]. Plasma levels of ascorbate are lower in hypertensive subjects (mean 40 umol/L) compared to normotensive controls (mean 57 umol/L) [ 64 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease

et al. 2008

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Humans have relatively low plasma ascorbate levels and high serum uric acid levels compared to most mammals due to the presence of genetic mutations in L-gulonolactone oxidase and uricase, respectively. We review the major hypotheses for why these mutations may have occurred. In particular, we suggest that both mutations may have provided a survival advantage to early primates by helping maintain blood pressure during periods of dietary change and environmental stress. We further propose that these mutations have the inadvertent disadvantage of increasing our risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in today's society characterized by Western diet and increasing physical inactivity. Finally, we suggest that a "planetary biology" approach in which genetic changes are analyzed in relation to their biologic action and historical context may provide the ideal approach towards understanding the biology of the past, present and future.The reductionist paradigm for human biology has, over the past century, been remarkably successful. It has, in one sense, reached its apotheosis through the complete sequencing of the human genome [ 1 ]. This, together with analyses of the transcriptome, the metabolome, and their higher organization has provided a "parts list" for a living organism.As these parts lists have become more complete, it has become increasingly clear that they do not provide anything approaching an understanding of human biology [ 2 ]. Additional approaches are needed if that understanding is to emerge and, with it, the opportunity to manipulate the biological parts to manage, treat, and cure human disease.One approach is to exploit the axiom that a system can be fully understood only if we understand both its structure and its history. This is certainly true for the terrestrial living systems, which are the products of four billion years of random variation and natural selection, all constrained by physical and chemical law. Without understanding this history, we are no more likely to © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Send correspondence to: Richard J Johnson MD FACP, J. Robert Cade Professor of Nephrology, Chief of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Room CG98, PO Box 100224, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville FL 32610-0224, phone 352-392-4007, Fax 352-392-5465, email E-mail: johnsrj@medicine.ufl.edu. Disclaimers: Dr Johnson is listed as an inventor on several patent applications related to lowering of uric acid in cardiovascular disease and also is author on a book on fructose that will be published in 2008 by Rodale press. Dr. Benner and Dr. Gaucher are listed as inventors on several patent applications to apply evolutionary analysis to understand protein evolution.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is...

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Plasma Vitamin C Modifies the Association Between Hypertension and Risk of Stroke

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients

Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients

Occupational social class, educational level and area deprivation independently predict plasma ascorbic acid concentration: a cross-sectional population based study in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk)

The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease

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