Plasmid Profile and Pulsed–Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Humans in Turkey

Abstract

This study was conducted for typing Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in Turkey using pulsed–field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid DNA profile analysis. Fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. The samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of Turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. The strains were determined to belong to 4 different serovars. The Salmonella enterica strains belonged to the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 23), Salmonella Infantis (n = 14), Salmonella Munchen (n = 2), and Salmonella Typhi (n = 3). Forty-two Salmonella enterica strains were typed with PFGE methods using XbaI restriction enzyme and plasmid analysis. At the end of typing, 11 different PFGE band profiles were obtained. Four different PFGE profiles (type 1, 4, 9, and 10) were found among serotype S. Enteritidis species, 3 different PFGE profiles (type 3, 5, 6) were found among S. Infantis species, 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Typhi species (type 2 and 11), and 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Munchen species (type 7, 8). The UPGMA dendrogram was built on the PFGE profiles. In this study, it was determined that 4 strains of 42 Salmonella enterica strains possess no plasmid, while the isolates have 1–3 plasmids ranging from 5.0 to 150 kb and making 12 different plasmid profiles (P1–P12). In this study, we have applied the analysis of the PFGE patterns and used bioinformatics methods to identify both inter and intra serotype relationships of 4 frequently encountered serotypes for the first time in Turkey.

Burden of Food-Related Illness Caused by Resistant Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.: Harbingers of Multistate Outbreaks in 2012 and 2013

“…were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and gentamycin during the 2012 and 2013 outbreaks in Iran; these findings are consistent with the data from other studies in Iran and neighboring countries (24)(25)(26). A study by Ashtiani et al (27) out of Iran showed that the resistance rate to nalidixic acid was 42.3%.…”

Genetic diversity of food originated Salmonella isolates

“…PFGE produces comparable data of genotypic characteristics of Salmonella strains and it is accepted as the gold standard among molecular methods [12,13]. In addition to this, it has been used in typing Salmonella in human patients, animal sources and foods because of its discriminatory power and high reproducibility [14][15][16]. Numerous reports have been documented that using the highly discriminatory technique of PFGE was successful to track the source of Salmonella infections in different serovars [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Investigation of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile, Virulence Genes, and Epidemiologic Relationship of Clinical Salmonella Isolates

“…In 2014, Maraki and Papadakis 4 determined S. Enteritidis as the most commonly isolated serotype of Salmonella (37.3%). In another study by Ozdemir and Acar, 16 S. Enteritidis was determined as the most commonly isolated serotype from Salmonella isolates collected from 4 different provinces of Turkey. Our results show consistency with the literature.…”