Plasmodium falciparum population structure in Sudan post artemisinin-based combination therapy

Bakhiet, Amani M.A.; Abdel-Muhsin, Abdel Muhsin A; Elzaki, Salah Eldin G.; Al-Hashami, Zainab; Al-Barwani, Hamida; Al-Qamashoui, Badar; Al-Hamidhi, Salama; Idris, Mohamed A.; Elagib, Atif A.; Beja‐Pereira, Albano; Babiker, Hamza A.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.013

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This observation of a highly mixing parasite population is in agreement with results of similar studies using microsatellites 52, 54, 55 , immune selected genes 56, 57 and SNPs 58 . However, other studies have shown population structure when looking at the same population 48, 59– 61 , although these analyses were carried out on larger geographical scales than those analysed here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Micro-epidemiological structuring of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa

Omedo¹,

Mogeni²,

Bousema³

et al. 2017

Wellcome Open Res

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The first models of malaria transmission assumed a completely Background: mixed and homogeneous population of parasites. Recent models include spatial heterogeneity and variably mixed populations. However, there are few empiric estimates of parasite mixing with which to parametize such models.: Here we genotype 276 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Methods 5199isolates from two Kenyan sites (Kilifi county and Rachuonyo P. falciparum South district) and one Gambian site (Kombo coastal districts) to determine the spatio-temporal extent of parasite mixing, and use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression to examine the relationship between genetic relatedness and distance in space and time for parasite pairs.Using 107, 177 and 82 SNPs that were successfully genotyped in Results: 133, 1602, and 1034 parasite isolates from The Gambia, Kilifi and Rachuonyo South district, respectively, we show that there are no discrete geographically restricted parasite sub-populations, but instead we see a diffuse spatio-temporal structure to parasite genotypes. Genetic relatedness of sample pairs is predicted by relatedness in space and time. Discuss this article(0) Comments sample pairs is predicted by relatedness in space and time.: Our findings suggest that targeted malaria control will benefit the Conclusions surrounding community, but unfortunately also that emerging drug resistance will spread rapidly through the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Micro-epidemiological structuring of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa

Omedo¹,

Mogeni²,

Bousema³

et al. 2017

Wellcome Open Res

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show abstract

“…Thisisinagreement withprevious observations of an increased MOIwith increase ingendemicity [31]. As reported in Sudan [32], thehighrateofMOIinthepresent studysuggeststhat the scale-up of malaria control interventions may have failed to reduce the level of MOI, and this is contrast the malaria control efforts. Additionally, determination of the entomological inoculation rate is important toidentify the malaria transmissionlevels and the extent of MOI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Genetic polymorphism of Merozoite Surface Protein-2 (MSP-2) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pawe District, North West Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn malaria endemic regions, Plasmodium falciparum infection is characterized by extensive genetic diversity. Describing this diversity provides important information about the local malaria situation. This study was conducted to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of P. falciparum in Pawe district, North West Ethiopia, using the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein 2 gene.MethodsAtotal of 92 isolates from patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum attending Pawe Health Centre were collected from September to December 2013. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Chelex method and analyzed by length polymorphism following gel electrophoresis of DNA products from nested PCR of msp2 (block 3), targeting allelic families of FC27 and 3D7/IC.ResultsThere were twenty-two different msp2 alleles, 11 corresponding to the 3D7/ IC and 11 to the FC27 allelic family. The frequency of isolates of the msp2 3D7/IC allelic familywas higher (51%) compared to FC27 (49%). The majority of the isolates (76%) contained multiple infections andthe overall mean multiplicity of infection was 2.8 (CI 95% 2.55–3.03). The heterozygosity index was 0.66 for msp2. There was no statically significant difference in the multiplicity of infection by age or parasite density.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that P.falciparum polymorphismsare extensive in Northwest Ethiopia and most of the infections are composed of multiple clones.

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“…Genetic diversity metrics have been useful to assess malaria control interventions and to highlight the disparities in malaria control programme results in endemic African countries [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 37 ]. The present study confirms the high genetic diversity previously reported in analyses of genetic polymorphism of the merozoite surface proteins ( msp - 1 and msp - 2 ) [ 8 , 10 , 17 , 18 ] and further indicates an absence of local clonal expansion in Mali.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study confirms the high genetic diversity previously reported in analyses of genetic polymorphism of the merozoite surface proteins ( msp - 1 and msp - 2 ) [ 8 , 10 , 17 , 18 ] and further indicates an absence of local clonal expansion in Mali. In Sudan, it has also been reported that P. falciparum genetic diversity remained high despite bolstered malaria control efforts [ 37 ]. In contrast, declining rates of genetic diversity and oligo-clonal expansion of parasite populations have been reported during a longitudinal study of P. falciparum microsatellite markers in Djibouti between 1998 and 2009 [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in human malaria cases in Mali

Nabet

Doumbo

Jeddi

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundIn Mali, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is highly endemic and remains stable despite the implementation of various malaria control measures. Understanding P. falciparum population structure variations across the country could provide new insights to guide malaria control programmes. In this study, P. falciparum genetic diversity and population structure in regions of varying patterns of malaria transmission in Mali were analysed.MethodsA total of 648 blood isolates adsorbed onto filter papers during population surveillance surveys (December 2012–March 2013, October 2013) in four distinct sites of Mali were screened for the presence of P. falciparum via quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) using eight microsatellite markers was then performed on positive qPCR samples. Complete genotypes were then analysed for genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and linkage disequilibrium.ResultsOf 156 qPCR-positive samples, complete genotyping of 112 samples was achieved. The parasite populations displayed high genetic diversity (mean He = 0.77), which was consistent with a high level of malaria transmission in Mali. Genetic differentiation was low (FST < 0.02), even between sites located approximately 900 km apart, thereby illustrating marked gene flux amongst parasite populations. The lack of linkage disequilibrium further revealed an absence of local clonal expansion, which was corroborated by the genotype relationship results. In contrast to the stable genetic diversity level observed throughout the country, mean multiplicity of infection increased from north to south (from 1.4 to 2.06) and paralleled malaria transmission levels observed locally.ConclusionsIn Mali, the high level of genetic diversity and the pronounced gene flux amongst P. falciparum populations may represent an obstacle to control malaria. Indeed, results suggest that parasite populations are polymorphic enough to adapt to their host and to counteract interventions, such as anti-malarial vaccination. Additionally, the panmictic parasite population structure imply that resistance traits may disseminate freely from one area to another, making control measures performed at a local level ineffective.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1397-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Plasmodium falciparum population structure in Sudan post artemisinin-based combination therapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Micro-epidemiological structuring of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa

Micro-epidemiological structuring of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa

Genetic polymorphism of Merozoite Surface Protein-2 (MSP-2) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pawe District, North West Ethiopia

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in human malaria cases in Mali

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