“…A high sensitivity (i.e., the ratio between dark and photocurrent density) of larger than 1.57 × 10 8 is achieved at 1550 nm. To obtain the information about inhomogeneities at interface of device, from the slope of the V versus In(J) plot at 300 K in the darkness, the ideality factor n is calculated as followed 36 , 53 : where q , k B , T , J , and A denote electron charge, the Boltzmann constant, operating temperature, dark current density, the effective area of the device, respectively. The ideality factor is 4.46 at 0 V. The value, greater than 1, shows the device suffers from the inhomogeneities, which is due to the poor contact between the bottom Ti/Au contact and ITO.…”