Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Electronic Paper in Color

Abstract

A flexible electronic paper in full color is realized by plasmonic metasurfaces with conjugated polymers. An ultrathin large-area electrochromic material is presented which provides high polarization-independent reflection, strong contrast, fast response time, and long-term stability. This technology opens up for new electronic readers and posters with ultralow power consumption.<p>Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Chalmers Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Area of Advance</p

From active plasmonic devices to plasmonic molecular electronics

“…Recently, a plasmonic metasurface with polypyrrole (PPy) was developed to obtain a new flexible electronic paper in RGB colour code. 33 The reflectivity of RGB pixels based on Ag/Al 2 O 3 heterostructures with nanoholes in a gold film and a top PPy layer was reversibly switched by the electrical potential. A multicolour system can be obtained by adjusting the alumina thickness while the PPy thickness enhances the contrast.…”

Electrochromic‐Polymer‐Based Switchable Plasmonic Color Devices Using Surface‐Relief Nanostructure Pixels

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Plasmonic colors are structural colors generated by the resonant interaction of light with metallic nanostructures through surface plasmons. [13] The potentials of applying plasmonic colors in active displays have been increasingly recognized and various novel device configurations implementing plasmonic colors have been demonstrated, such as metal-nanostructures-array-based color filters for imaging devices, [14][15][16] metal-insulator-metal resonators tuned by modulating refractive index, [17,18] plasmonic color substrates controlled by liquid crystals, [19][20][21] electrochromically switchable plasmonic color devices, [22][23][24] plasmonic colors operated via reversible electrodeposition, [25,26] and aluminum nano-antenna arrays for high-chromaticity color filters in displays. [13] The potentials of applying plasmonic colors in active displays have been increasingly recognized and various novel device configurations implementing plasmonic colors have been demonstrated, such as metal-nanostructures-array-based color filters for imaging devices, [14][15][16] metal-insulator-metal resonators tuned by modulating refractive index, [17,18] plasmonic color substrates controlled by liquid crystals, [19][20][21] electrochromically switchable plasmonic color devices, [22][23][24] plasmonic colors operated via reversible electrodeposition, [25,26] and aluminum nano-antenna arrays for high-chromaticity color filters in displays.

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“…[13] The potentials of applying plasmonic colors in active displays have been increasingly recognized and various novel device configurations implementing plasmonic colors have been demonstrated, such as metal-nanostructures-array-based color filters for imaging devices, [14][15][16] metal-insulator-metal resonators tuned by modulating refractive index, [17,18] plasmonic color substrates controlled by liquid crystals, [19][20][21] electrochromically switchable plasmonic color devices, [22][23][24] plasmonic colors operated via reversible electrodeposition, [25,26] and aluminum nano-antenna arrays for high-chromaticity color filters in displays. [22,24,27] From technological points of view, such device configurations offer several distinctive advantages. [22,24,27] From technological points of view, such device configurations offer several distinctive advantages.…”

“…[20] Recently, integrating EC polymers onto plasmonic color substrates has emerged as a very promising direction for developing ECD-based full-color flexible electronic papers. [22,24] Third, plasmonic color substrates can potentially be manufactured on flexible substrates, which opens up an avenue to new applications such as next-generation wearable display devices. First, the colors are generated from the plasmonic color substrates rather than from the EC polymers, which straightforwardly breakthroughs the limited available colors of the latter.…”

“…[13] In recent years, plasmonic colors have drawn considerable attention due to their super-high printing resolution, tunable color properties, excellent chemical stability, scalable manufacturability, and environment-friendly recyclability. [13] The potentials of applying plasmonic colors in active displays have been increasingly recognized and various novel device configurations implementing plasmonic colors have been demonstrated, such as metal-nanostructures-array-based color filters for imaging devices, [14][15][16] metal-insulator-metal resonators tuned by modulating refractive index, [17,18] plasmonic color substrates controlled by liquid crystals, [19][20][21] electrochromically switchable plasmonic color devices, [22][23][24] plasmonic colors operated via reversible electrodeposition, [25,26] and aluminum nano-antenna arrays for high-chromaticity color filters in displays. [20] Recently, integrating EC polymers onto plasmonic color substrates has emerged as a very promising direction for developing ECD-based full-color flexible electronic papers.…”