Plataformas Digitais, Uberização do Trabalho e Regulação no Capitalismo Contemporâneo

Abstract

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a relação entre trabalhadores/as e as “plataformas” e “aplicativos”, bem como as possibilidades de sua regulação, à luz do uso das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC). Para tal, apresentamos os principais elementos da narrativa dominante das “plataformas”, contrapondo-os às evidências empíricas oriundas das relações estabelecidas. Ao contrário do ideário empresarial, estas relações são caracterizadas por uma intensa exploração do trabalho. Tecnicamente, nunca foi tão fácil regular o direito do trabalho. Porém, politicamente, talvez nunca tenha sido tão difícil. A narrativa sobre o que são essas empresas, joga papel importante na promoção dessa gestão precarizante, ainda que haja sinais de resistência dos trabalhadores a esse processo.

“Breque dos Apps”: Uma Análise Temporal de Comunidades e Influenciadores no Debate Público Online no Twitter

“…This study belongs to a field whose goal is to investigate the contemporary work relationships in platforms (Filgueiras & Antunes, 2020;Grohmann & Qiu, 2020), contributing to the analysis of a series of demonstrations organized by delivery service workers known as "Breque dos Apps". More specifically, the strikes involved the organization and participation of thousands of bikers and cyclists who are delivery app workers (in apps such as iFood, Rappi, Uber Eats, and Loggi) and were denouncing precarious work conditions.…”

Economia da Partilha e Práticas de Comunicação Organizacional em Tempos de Covid-19: Social Brands no Brasil e em Portugal

“…The "Fairwork" project (https://fair.work/), from the University of Oxford, seeks to discuss and pressure digital platforms for better working conditions, using the concept of decent work, linked to the International Labor Organization, asking for better conditions and the end of precariousness, also called "digital slavery" (Filgueiras & Antunes, 2020).…”

“…They are new forms of organization, new ways of consumption, and new business models based on cooperation and reliability among unknown people. On the relationship between sharing and communication economy, Filgueiras and Antunes (2020) reinforce that they are linked by typical ICT [information and communication technologies] identities: 1) online contacts between producers and consumers; workers and companies; 2) use of applications or platforms for computer access or mobile communication tools; 3) comprehensive use of digital data for the organization and use of these activities; 4) relationships established by "demand" (i.e., resulting from arrangements for each product, devoid of legal certainty capable of ensuring its continuity). (p. 31) We have idealized the term "social brands" because we understand that organizations fit today into a concept that goes beyond the practice of social responsibility, something already consolidated in literature and respected by us.…”

“…It means being an organization that adapts to the context -especially to the coronavirus -and, consequently, seeks to modify the ecosystem in which it is inserted. Such behavior is not unique to the sharing economy brands, but we intentionally sought examples from this market to try to understand how such companies -which are directly connected to the ICT (Filgueiras & Antunes, 2020), and were on the front line during the pandemic -communicating with their stakeholders, whether consumers or the civil society in general.…”

Gamification and Uberized Work in Application Companies

“…More advantages appear in this list, such as the democratization of the means of production, and the promotion of neo-entrepreneurship (with opportunities for small businesses, as mentioned by Filgueiras & Antunes, 2020).Despite the initial enthusiasm associated with the autonomy, economic opportunities and equity (Schor & Eddy, 2020) that are promoted by digital platforms, the current context, especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic, points to a dependence on some services, such as deliveries, in addition to showing that, despite some positive results, many who work under such conditions suffer the negative consequences of the platform economy. This new economy is led by startups that define themselves as technology companies and intermediaries between consumers and producers/service providers (Filgueiras & Antunes, 2020), and that structure themselves…”