“…suture in the Paleozoic (Dong et al, 2011;Meng and Zhang, 1999;Sun et al, 2002b;Zhang et al, 1995); the subduction and collision along the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in the Early Mesozoic (Li et al, 1993(Li et al, , 1994Sun et al, 2002aSun et al, , 2002cZheng et al, 2013); the subduction and collision along the Central Asian orogenic belt in the Paleozoic (Jahn et al, 2000;Ling et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2007;Xiao et al, 2003) and (paleo)-Pacific plate subduction since the Jurassic (Niu, 2005;Zhang et al, 2020b;Zhu and Xu, 2019). Plate subduction and collision are very significant for the enrichment of ore-forming materials (Chen and Wu, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020a;Sun et al, 2020b;Wang and Xiao, 2018;Zheng et al, 2019). All of these subductions may have contributed to the formation of water-and gold-rich weak layers in the lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton, among which the subducted plate below the big mantle wedge contributed the most.…”