Platelet-rich plasma encapsulation in hyaluronic acid/gelatin-BCP hydrogel for growth factor delivery in BCP sponge scaffold for bone regeneration

Abstract

Microporous calcium phosphate based synthetic bone substitutes are used for bone defect healing. Different growth factor loading has been investigated for enhanced bone regeneration. The platelet is a cellular component of blood which naturally contains a pool of necessary growth factors that mediate initiation, continuation, and completion of cellular mechanism of healing. In this work, we have investigated the encapsulation and immobilization of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with natural polymers like hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin (Gel) and loading them in a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold, for a synthetic-allologous hybrid scaffold. Effect of PRP addition in small doses was evaluated for osteogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. BCP (10%) mixed HA-Gel hydrogel with or without PRP, was loaded into a BCP sponge scaffold. We investigated the hydrogel-induced improvement in mechanical property and PRP-mediated enhancement in biocompatibility. In vitro studies for cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and proliferation were carried out using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. In in vitro studies, the cell count, cell proliferation, and cell survival were higher in the scaffold with PRP loading than without PRP. However, in the in vivo studies using a rat model, the PRP scaffold was not superior to the scaffold without PRP. This discrepancy was investigated in terms of the interaction of PRP in the in vivo environment.

Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Injectable Thermo-Gelling Hydrogel Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

“…At the same seeding density, there were more viable cells in HA-CPN/PRP/BCP than in HA-CPN with significant difference found throughout the culture period ( p < 0.05), which indicates HA-CPN/PRP/BCP provided a better environment for rASCs proliferation than HA-CPN. This result is consistent with a previous report showing HA/gelatin/PRP hydrogel loaded in BCP scaffolds could enhance proliferation rate of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells [ 43 ]. We also reported that incorporation of BCP into HA-CPN could significantly raise the cell proliferation rate of human fetal osteoblastic cells due to the beneficial effects of BCP [ 44 ].…”

Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma

“…For example, chitosan scaffolds were proposed for PRP encapsulation and growth factor controlled release [12]. Similarly, PRP loaded scaffolds of hyaluronic acid/gelatin or gelatin were investigated for bone healing [3,26]; the same clinical application was proposed for PRP loaded collagen scaffolds [27], while gelatin hydrogels were developed for meniscal regeneration [28]. Although these approaches alleviate growth factors burst release and unfavorable mechanical properties of PRP, they are based on the use of preformed scaffolds, which imply surgical administration.…”

Evaluation of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Coated with Freeze-Dried Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Regeneration

“…Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a cocktail of multiple growth factors, including platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and is frequently used in soft and bone tissue engineering [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Studies have shown that these growth factors strongly contribute to cell-extracellular matrix communication during regenerative activity [ 23 ].…”