PMN-PT Nanowires with a Very High Piezoelectric Constant

Abstract

A profound way to increase the output voltage (or power) of the piezoelectric nanogenerators is to utilize a material with higher piezoelectric constants. Here we report the synthesis of novel piezoelectric 0.72Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.28PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) nanowires using a hydrothermal process. The unpoled single-crystal PMN-PT nanowires show a piezoelectric constant (d(33)) up to 381 pm/V, with an average value of 373 ± 5 pm/V. This is about 15 times higher than the maximum reported value of 1-D ZnO nanostructures and 3 times higher than the largest reported value of 1-D PZT nanostructures. These PMN-PT nanostructures are of good potential being used as the fundamental building block for higher power nanogenerators, high sensitivity nanosensors, and large strain nanoactuators.

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from a PMN–PT single nanowire

“…Yet, high performance devices have to be realized for their potential practical application. Xu et al 24 synthesized PMN-PT NWs via a hydrothermal reaction at low temperature and studied their piezoelectric property (d 33 $ 381 pm V À1 ). Further, they demonstrated the energy generation from exible nanocomposite based nanogenerator consisting of hydrothermally grown PMN-PT NWs -polymeric matrix.…”

Growth and Characterization on PMN-PT-Based Single Crystals

“…For example, up to four-inch diameter PMN-PT crystals are now grown routinely with the [001] seeding. More recently progresses have been made in the fabrication of PMN-PT nanowires and nanowire-based nanocomposite [11,12].…”

Fabrication of an eco-friendly composite nanogenerator for self-powered photosensor applications

“…Finally, rGO formed an electrical bridge between the nanowires and varied the dielectric constant of the device via Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization and microcapacitance effects [38]. The generated open-circuit voltage of the device can be calculated as follows [19]:…”

“…These studies shown such energy sources to successfully power liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), implantable biosensors, and many portable personal electronic devices [10]. Various nanostructured materials, such as ZnO [11][12][13], GaN [14], lead zirconium titanate (PZT) [15,16], BaTiO 3 (BTO) [17], NaNbO 3 [18], (1-x)Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbTiO 3 (PMN-PT) [19], ZnSnO 3 [20], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [9], and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) [21] have been widely used for nanogenerator fabrication in a variety of forms, such as micro/nanowires, nanobelts and particles. Among them, ZnO is lead-free, biocompatible and has piezo and semiconducting properties [22,23]; its noncentrosymmetric nature has proven to be advantageous for nanogenerator applications.…”