Pneumonia in patients with diabetes mellitus: A single center experience

Abstract

P atients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased propensity to develop infections. It is a known fact that the risk of hospitalization and mortality is greater in diabetic patients. Factors such as an impaired immune response, vascular insufficiency, sensory peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, serious infections, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), urinary tract infection, inclination to necrotizing bacterial or fungal skin and mucosal colonization, and surgical wound infections render diabetic patients more sensitive to infection related to hyperglycemia.[1] Hospitalization risk due to pneumonia has been reported to be 26% higher in diabetic cases than in control cases, and the risk increases even more in patients with longer duration of diabetes and in patients with poor glycemic control.[2] There is a dramatic increase in the frequency of diabetes in parallel with the increase Objectives: The rate of infection and hospitalization due to infection as well as the risk of mortality are greater in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of pneumonia, length of hospital stay, rate of patients requiring hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU), and rates of discharge or mortality among patients hospitalized due to DM in internal medicine inpatient clinics. Methods: A total of 399 patients with DM (170 males and 229 females) were enrolled in the study. The frequency of pneumonia in the group was determined, and the length of hospital stay, rate of patients requiring hospitalization in ICU, discharge rate, mortality, and factors related to mortality were evaluated, comparing those with pneumonia and DM and those with DM alone. Results: The frequency of pneumonia among the DM patients was 12% (48 cases). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in the 2 groups (31.8% and 32.8%, respectively, among those with pneumonia and DM and those with DM alone). The rate of discharge, mortality, and the rate of patients transferred to the ICU was 92% (367 cases), 4% (16 cases), and 4% (16 cases). The length of hospital stay, discharge rate, mortality, and the rate of patients transferred to the ICU was similar between the patients with and without pneumonia (p>0.05 for each), but the length of hospital stay and the rate of patients transferred to the ICU was higher among patients with pneumonia (p<0.05 for each). Conclusion: About 10% of diabetic patients were treated for pneumonia. Infection in patients with DM leads to a longer hospital stay and fewer hospital discharges. The Infection-related disease burden leads to serious morbidity in patients with DM, and therefore, longer hospital stay and more patients transferred to ICU.

Evaluation of Current Practice of Antibiotic Use and Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia

“…In this study, most of the subjects (62.2%) were female. This is in line with a study conducted in Turkey, which found that 57.4% of CAP patients with T2DM were female, compared to 42.6%) men (Polat et al, 2017). Epidemiological studies in the United States have also shown that the prevalence of CAP patients with DM is more common in women (52%) than men (48%) (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Cost-effectiveness analysis of metformin and metformin-glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes at nene mallomo sidrap general hospital

“…Patients with DM tend to increasingly suffer from infections, such as pneumonia (Polat et al, 2017), a disease caused by an infection in the lungs . Moreover, it is reported that a patient diagnosed with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is caused by bronchopneumonia infection; this disease is an acute hyperglycemic condition in type 2 DM (Zamri et al, 2020).…”

Diyabetik Polinöropatiyi Predikte Eden Bağımsız Klinik ve Demografik Faktörler

“…HbA1c seviyelerinden bağımsız, metabolik sendrom bileşenlerinin sayısı, örneğin hipertrigliseridemi, hipertansiyon, abdominal obezite ve yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) seviyeleri, hastalarda diyabetik nöropati ile tutarlı bir şekilde ilişkilidir (6). Diyabetik nöropatinin erken saptanması, diyabetik hastaların metabolik kontrolü ve diyabetik nöropatinin potan-siyel olarak ciddi sonuçlarının erken müdahale edilmesinde ve önlenmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir (9,10). TURNEP çalışması sonuçlarına göre, kötü glisemik kontrol, diyabetik nöropati gelişimine katkıda bulunmaktadır ve klinik muayene ile belirlenen diyabetik periferik nöropatinin, diyabetli hastaların %40,4'ünü etkilediği, klinik muayeneye sinir iletim çalışmaları eklenilirse bu oranın %62,2'ye yükseldiği gösterilmiştir (11).…”