POF — Polymer Optical Fibers for Data Communication

Daum, Werner; Krauser, J.; Zamzow, Peter E.; Ziemann, Olaf

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04861-0

Cited by 154 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…When comparing networks to the human body, the trunk lines function like arteries and veins, while the last hundred meters are represented by the capillaries. It is estimated that this last hundred meters would correspond to 95% of all optical networks [6]. It is clear that the expected market is huge, and researchers all over the world are competing to fi nd a solution to this problem.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The future of plastic optical fiber

2009

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T he twentieth century, the so-called 'miraculous century of physics', has drastically changed our way of life. Th e advent of new physics, the relativity theory and the quantum theory, have dramatically enhanced technology, revolutionizing our vision of the universe. Today, people are in the midst of a new revolution, with our perspective of the world shifted by the concept of 'networks'. Twenty years after the development of low-attenuation single-mode (SM) silica glass optical fi ber (GOF) in the 1970s [1], the United States launched the Information Superhighway project. Th e establishment of a global fiber-optic network has allowed the distribution of a wide range of media content, providing immediate access to new information. Th e world has become much smaller, eliminating physical constraints and endowing people with the ability to connect with anyone at anytime, living anywhere around the world. Th e internet has not only made our life more interesting and livable, but has created new industries, given rise to new cultures, and infl uenced politics. Indeed, it has changed our way of life.However, there remains one final hurdle to achieving ubiquitous high-bandwidth connectivity: there is not yet a high-speed pipeline that connects users to the superhighway. In the 'last hundred meters' between the superhighway and users, especially in home and office local area networks (LANs), optical fi bers must be bent at many points when laid down along walls. However, SM GOF is designed with a small core of just 5-10 μm (Figure 1) so as to excite only one optical mode within the fiber, and is thus not capable of withstanding all the bends required in the last hundred meters. One solution that has been proposed is multi-mode (MM) GOF, which is designed with a larger core. However, the number of modes excited within MM GOF increases dramatically with enlargement of the core region, causing the transmission rate to decrease accordingly due to an increase in the diff erences of the arrival times for each mode (modal dispersion). The future of plastic optical fi berYasuhiro Koike 1,2 * and Makoto Asai 1,3 Keio University, JapanThe number of services providing large-volume information content, such as high-defi nition movies, continues to increase rapidly. Single-mode glass optical fi ber (SM GOF), which has been widely deployed in data trunk lines and pipelines connecting large cities and nations, has already become indispensable as an information transmission medium. However, SM GOF is mechanically weak and lacks sufficient bending ability. Moreover, as the core diameter is very small, just 10 μm, extremely precise techniques and expensive devices are required to connect fi bers to signal receiving devices. It is therefore diffi cult to lay SM GOF for very short reach networks, such as local area networks in buildings. These difficulties are recognized as the problem of the 'last hundred meters' for optical fi ber infrastructure. Plastic optical fi ber (POF) has a relatively large-diameter core and is fl exible enough ...

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Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The future of plastic optical fiber

2009

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“…Apesar de ainda serem menos eficientes na transmissão de dados se comparadas às fibras vítreas, mostram-se como alternativas menos custosas para redes de curta e média distância, competindo inclusive com sistemas tradicionais compostos de cabos de cobre [12] . Outra vantagem frente às fibras vítreas, que exigem equipamentos de corte dotados de lâminas de diamante, uma fibra polimérica pode ser cortada com um estilete, o que facilita e reduz custos de instalação e manutenção [1,12] . As fibras ópticas também se dividem em diferentes tipos, conforme o modo de propagação da radiação infravermelha em seu interior, apresentados na Figura 4.…”

Section: Características Das Fibras óPticasunclassified

“…O principal meio utilizado, porém, é a extrusão, cujo contínuo desenvolvimento tecnológico viabiliza cada vez mais aplicações destas fibras não somente em equipamentos médicos e iluminação, como também em redes de comunicação com cada vez mais capacidade e qualidade de transmissão [12] .…”

Section: Características Das Fibras óPticasunclassified

Potencialidades da Análise de Fluxo de Materiais no Processo Produtivo de Fibras Ópticas Poliméricas

Pinto¹,

Amaral²,

Janissek³

2014

Polímeros

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Resumo: O crescente uso de fibras ópticas em telecomunicação demanda também inúmeras pesquisas relacionadas aos processos produtivos deste meio de comunicação. Neste contexto, o presente artigo apresenta os sistemas atuais de produção de fibras ópticas poliméricas e uma análise comparativa das principais pesquisas voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade ou para a redução dos custos de produção. A metodologia Análise do Fluxo de Materiais (MFA) é aplicada, resultando em modelos conceituais qualitativos que permitem uma caracterização dos processos atuais e fácil adaptação para incorporar as modificações e novas tecnologias. Adicionalmente, é feita uma comparação dos fatores ambientais das pesquisas abordadas neste artigo. Como conclusão, fica ressaltada a importância de estudos de campo para a construção de MFA com dados quantitativos, permitindo explorar todo o potencial da metodologia. Palavras-chave: Fibra óptica, análise de fluxo de materiais, polímeros, telecomunicação. Material Flow Analysis Potentialities on Polymeric Optical Fibers Productive ProcessesAbstract: The use of optical fibers for telecommunications is growing and, as a result, so does the number of researches related to their productive processes. This paper presents the most common production systems for polymeric optical fibers, as well as provides a comparative analysis of some key researches aimed at improving quality or reducing costs of production. The Material Flow Analysis, MFA, methodology is employed to propose qualitative conceptual models capable of easy adaptation to the presented researches. Additionally, a comparative analysis is made between environmental factors existing in each of the discussed studies. In conclusion, the paper highlights the importance of field studies for the construction of MFA with quantitative data, as well as compiles the results obtained by the authors of the addressed researches. Keywords: Optical fiber, material flow analysis, polymers, telecommunication. IntroduçãoDesde o surgimento dos meios de comunicação a humanidade presencia aumentos cada vez mais significativos na demanda pela transmissão de informações. A tecnologia existente para realizar esta tarefa não só acompanhou esta demanda como também foi responsável por modificar o padrão convencional, aumentando exponencialmente a velocidade de transferência de dados e ampliando o seu alcance através das formas móveis, as chamadas redes sem fio. A fibra óptica, uma das grandes invenções no ramo das telecomunicações, porém, dificilmente terá sua importância e demanda afetada pela tecnologia "sem fio", já que o futuro deste setor baseia-se muito na sua capacidade, velocidade e segurança [1] . A substituição de cabos metálicos por fibras ópticas deu-se, principalmente, devido aos ganhos de capacidade e velocidade de transmissão [1] , da resistência das fibras a interferências e descargas eletromagnéticas [2] e da grande flexibilidade deste material, tanto em termos moleculares como estruturais [3] . Além disso, a sua utilização permitiu melhorias em dive...

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“…This latter option to enlarge the transmission capacity of the waveguide is designated the Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) techniques, which in glass fiber technology within the infrared range has long been an established practice. The standard communication over POF uses only one single channel [W. Daum et al 2002]. To increase the bandwidth, and consequently the data transmission speed, the only possibility is to increase the data rate, which lowers the signal-to-noise ratio and therefore offers limited improvements.…”

Section: Wavelength Division Multiplexing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%