Policy schemes, operational strategies and system integration of residential co-generation fuel cells

Pade, Lise-Lotte; Schröder, Sascha Thorsten; Münster, Marie; Birkl, Christoph; Ropenus, Stephanie; Morthorst, P.E.; Obé, Elisabeth; Kötter, Editha; Huber, Andreas; Costa, Ana Cristina; Kroff, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.093

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A finding backed up by the work of Pade, Schröder et al [46], Dorer, Weber et al [47] and Steinberger-Wilckens [25] who all state that the impact of fuel cells on primary energy reduction, and thus emission savings, is highly dependent upon the energy system they are placed in. For example, Pade, Schröder et al [46] demonstrate that in Denmark, the use of SOFC CHP would reduce NRPE demand and create a corresponding cut in CO 2 emissions in the Danish energy system, however in France, fuel cell power generation would primarily replace nuclear, thus creating an increase in natural gas consumption and CO 2 emissions. (2) When the reference system utilised centralised electricity generation from a combined cycle gas turbine and an individual home heat pump, the operational electrical efficiency of the fuel cell had to be greater than 40% in order for it to be competitive both on a cost and CO 2 emission level basis.…”

Section: Emission Savings Achievable With Fuel Cell Combined Heat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, electrical and system efficiencies would be much higher [11]. Pade, Schröder et al [46] state that operating SOFC CHP units as a virtual power plant in response to spot market prices seems promising, offering a lower price premium compared to other financial support mechanisms for domestic fuel cell CHP.…”

Section: Cermaic Fuel Cells Ltd -Bluegenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TES provided added benefit to the system. In an operational strategy and system integration study of SOFC CHP systems, Pade, Schröder et al [46] state that a relatively small 100-200 litre heat storage can limit, but not eliminate the number of required cold starts required for a SOFC CHP system.…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Optimisation For Domestic Housing Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel cell technology for domestic built environment applications: State of-the-art review

Elmer

Worall

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

265

105

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk 1 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY FOR DOMESTIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS: STATE OF-THE-ART REVIEW ABSTRACTFuel cells produce heat when generating electricity, thus they are of particular interest for combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) applications, also known as tri-generation systems. CHP and tri-generation systems offer high energy conversion efficiency and hence the potential to reduce fuel costs and CO 2 emissions. This paper serves to provide a state-of-the-art review of fuel cell technology operating in the domestic built environment in CHP and tri-generation system applications. The review aims to carry out an assessment of the following topics: (1) the operational advantages fuel cells offer in CHP and tri-generation system configurations, specifically, compared to conventional combustion based technologies such as Stirling engines, (2) how decarbonisation, running cost and energy security in the domestic built environment may be addressed through the use of fuel cell technology, and (3) what has been done to date and what needs to be done in the future. The paper commences with a review of fuel cell technology, then moves on to examine fuel cell CHP systems operating in the domestic built environment, and finally explores fuel cell tri-generation systems in domestic built environment applications. The paper concludes with an assessment of the present development of, and future challenges for, domestic fuel cells operating in CHP and tri-generation systems. As fuel cells are an emergent technology the paper draws on a breadth of literature, data and experience, mostly from the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, America and Australia.Fuel cells are a technology of the future here today, providing a change in the way heat and power are supplied to end users. Fuel cells operating in CHP and tri-generation systems in domestic built environment applications could finally provide the means by which energy generation can transfer from centralised to decentralised locales in a sustainable and effective manner.

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Section: Emission Savings Achievable With Fuel Cell Combined Heat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cermaic Fuel Cells Ltd -Bluegenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell System Optimisation For Domestic Housing Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fuel cell technology for domestic built environment applications: State of-the-art review

Elmer

Worall

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

265

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, to realize this solution the costs of the fuel cell technique needs to be reduced (Pade et al, 2013;De Paepe, D'Herdt, and Mertens, 2006). Pruitt, Bran, and Newman (2013), investigated the economic viability of an SOFC CHP system in a building, using natural gas as the fuel.…”

Section: Fuel-cell Based Chpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the mentioned reasons for developing small-scale systems are the possibility to more closely connect production and demand, better security of supply, better environmental regulation fulfillment, and more cost-efficient solutions. (Frederiksen, 2009;Liu, Shao, and Li, 2011;Moradi et al, 2013;Pade et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Heat and Power

Thorin

Sandberg

Yan

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Combined heat and power ( CHP ) is the simultaneous production of useful heat and power in an integrated process with common fuel or energy source. By integrating heat and power production, it is possible to use the energy source in a more efficient way and by that to reduce the environmental impact including CO 2 emissions. The basic process of a CHP plant can be a thermal energy process based on heat engines or a fuel cell process based on electrochemical energy conversion. The capacity can range from several hundreds of megawatts of fuel input to plants delivering electricity and heat through a district heating network of a whole city down to micro CHP plants on kilowatt level supplying a one‐family house. The operating load is determined by the heat demand. For systems using a district heating network as the heat load, introducing also other heat demanding processes can be a way to increase the full‐load operating time and the yearly production of electricity from biomass. The balance between the output of power and the heat supply is an important parameter for the performance of the plant. This is described by the ratio between the electric power and the heat power (the so‐called α‐value). Several barriers, related both to the market and regulations, exist for implementation of CHP and policies are necessary to be able to develop the potential in the world. The CHP is a cost effective and important solution for reduction of CO 2 emissions.

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Fuel cells as an advanced alternative energy source for the residential sector applications in Malaysia

Zakaria

Kamarudin

Wahid

2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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The growth of the world's population has increased energy demand. Malaysia, as a developing country, also requires significant energy to drive economic development and address population demand. Malaysian conventional power generation system is highly dependent on natural gas, coal, and oil power systems that have had significant environmental impacts. This paper explores the energy status in Malaysia to highlight the advantages of fuel cells as an advanced alternative energy source. The discussion on energy status in Malaysia involves population situation, energy demand, energy sources, and energy policies. Then, the ability and type of fuel cells to provide this advanced alternative energy source in Malaysia are described. The prospects for introducing portable fuel cell devices and residential applications have been comprehensively described as the most relevant application for the residential sector to implement this technology in Malaysia. Highlights • A comprehensive review of fuel cell systems as a source of renewable energy for the residence sector in Malaysia is presented. • The introduction of fuel cell-based portable devices and residential applications are the most relevant applications for the residence sector in Malaysia. • The prospects for the introduction of fuel cells are discussed, including costs and maintenance, the plan and strategy, and the availability of a research center in Malaysia.

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Policy schemes, operational strategies and system integration of residential co-generation fuel cells

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Fuel cell technology for domestic built environment applications: State of-the-art review

Fuel cell technology for domestic built environment applications: State of-the-art review

Combined Heat and Power

Fuel cells as an advanced alternative energy source for the residential sector applications in Malaysia

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