“…Indeed, the "Samba effect" was also occasioned by the mid-1990s AFC as Brazil embarks on adjustment measures of increasing interest rates and taxes and spending cuts. Given these contractionary policy measures, the "Real" was floated against 1998-1999, 2001-2003, 2008, 2009 2016-2017, 2020 1994-1995, 1998-1999, 2014-20162-8 Medium term 1995-1999, 2014 1991-1993, 1996, 2008-2010, 2011, 20142-8 Medium term 1991-1993, 2007 1986, 1990-1991, 1993-19942-8 Medium term 1989-19911993-1996 Long term 1991-1996 32-above South Africa Rand Short term 1986Short term , 2000Short term , 2002Short term , 2004Short term -2007Short term , 2008Short term -2009Short term , 2016Short term , 2019Short term -2020 the US$ and resulted in its devaluation. The structural changes in the "Real" also reflect the 2014 Brazilian recession and its sluggish recovery, while the shocks from the global epidemic are also evident.…”