Poliovirus antibody three years after oral trivalent vaccine (Sabin strains)

Cabasso, V. J.; Nozell, H.; Ruegsegger, James M.; Cox, H. R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(66)80150-6

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The obser vation that antibody levels may decline over time without a cor responding loss of immunity further supports this hypothesis. 10,11,13,14,[25][26][27][28] Therefore, the proportion of the community with adequate protection against poliomyelitis may be higher than that indicated in the data presented here. Notes: (a) 'Blood taken' refers to children from whom blood was collected for the purposes of polio serology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…6,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Herd immunity principles indicate that, for polio, 80-97% of a community needs to be immune for herd immunity to exist 24 (this variance is primarily dependent upon hygiene levels within the community). This knowledge, in conjunction with an Italian study, 12 suggests that detectable antibody at 1:4 or even 1:2 provides immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity to poliomyelitis in Victorians

Hogg

Lester

et al. 2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: In view of WHO's goal for poliomyelitis eradication by 2005 and the possible introduction of IPV into the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule, this investigation was conducted to assess current immunity to poliomyelitis across the Victorian community Methods: 1,775 sera collected from three population samples within the Victorian community between 1990 and 1995 were tested for neutralising antibody titres against each poliovir us type in accordance with WHO recommended procedure. Results: In infants over three months and adults under 40 years, 76–100% of people in each age group were seropositive to all poliovirus types, with 90–100% seropositive to type I, 94–100% seropositive to type II and 80–97% seropositive to type III. Of the very small number of adults over 40 years tested (n=13), 85% were seropositive to each of types I and II, and 62% to type III. 92% of vaccination histories taken and checked were confirmed, and reported immunisation rates were significantly below seropositive rates. Conclusions: According to poliovirus antibody seroprevalence, current immunity to poliomyelitis appears sufficient for herd immunity When compared with vaccination histories, significantly more people demonstrated immunity to poliomyelitis than the number who reported having been vaccinated against it, indicating the possible role of intestinal vaccine strain poliovirus spread in maintaining high immunity levels. Implications: The current Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule has successfully provided protective levels of poliomyelitis immunity for the Victorian community in the absence of wild virus since at least 1972. This must be considered in assessing the future direction of Australia's poliomyelitis immunisation program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to poliomyelitis in Victorians

Hogg

Lester

et al. 2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Inadequate Poliovirus Immunity Levels in Immunized Illinois Children

Cm¹,

Cw²,

Rj³

et al. 1973

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Antibody titers to poliovirus, measles, and rubella in 504 low-income children in six Il-linois communities were compared with the immunization records of those children. Titers to measles and rubella were, as expected, nearly always present in immunized children, but only one third of children who had received three or more doses of live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) had measurable titers to all three polio types. Age, sex, race, age at first OPV, interval between OPVs, and time lapse since last OPV were not found to be significantly related to the absence of polio antibody in immunized children. We conclude that day-to-day immunization practices may result in different immunity levels than published field trial studies of the same vaccines indicate, and that continuing study of vaccine after licensure may be desirable. An unpublished immunity level -. study conducted in the summer of 1971 by the Illinois Department of Public Health and 14 local commu¬ nities revealed that of 1,700 children tested from low-income areas of downstate Illinois, approximately 45% and 60% failed to demonstrate specific antibodies against poliovirus types 1 and 3, respectively. The cur¬ rent study compares the immuniza¬ tion records of some of these same children with their immunity levels in an effort to determine the cause of the demonstrated low immunity lev¬ els against polio. Immunization records and immunity levels for measles and rubella were also exam¬ ined.Of primary concern to polio immu¬ nity level studies is whether oral po¬ liovirus vaccine administration re¬ sults in measurable circulating serum antibodies. Many authors have dem¬ onstrated that it does. Cabasso et al,' in a carefully planned study, reported that two doses of Sabin strain trivalent live oral poliovirus vaccine re¬ sulted one month later in circulating antibodies of at least 1:16 to all three types of polio virus in at least 99% of the children tested. Even two years after the second dose of live oral po¬ liovirus vaccine (OPV), a minimum of 90% of the children who had not re¬ ceived a booster still demonstrated a titer of at least 1:16. Other workers have found similar results.-The current study differs from ear¬ lier ones in that it is retrospective, not prospective. Vaccine storage, reconstitution and administration, and record keeping were performed in the day-to-day manner of medical prac¬ tice without the foreknowledge that the procedure was to be submitted at a later date to serological evaluation. This study, therefore, reflects the re¬ sults of standard immunization proce¬ dures as practiced by the medical communities in six Illinois cities and may be a more accurate measure of the effectiveness of routine immuni¬ zation than are the reports of field trials. Materials and MethodsSerum samples were collected as part of a 14-city testing program that emphasized blood lead determinations.'The population involved in the original lead-testing program consisted almost en¬ tirely of children 1 to 6 years of age from low-income families housed in deteri¬ ...

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