Politeness Strategies Performed by Teachers to Effectively Assist Children With Autism in Their Learning Process

Abstract

The paper discusses the politeness strategies conducted by teachers of autism centre in Surakarta in supporting them doing their jobs effectively. They are professionals who care and treat children with autism for their cognitive as well as psychomotoric development. Data were collected from four learning processes performed by four different female teachers with a different child for each. The analysis was carried out to see how politeness strategies selected by the teachers help them in performing effective assisting and learning process for the kids. The results show that politeness strategies were conducted by the teachers in two modes—verbally and non-verbally. They were exploited to accommodate the skill transfer to the children with autism effectively. The autism condition of each child governed each teacher to select the types of the politeness—in which bald on strategy dominated the exploitation, followed by positive and negative politeness. In addition, no teacher chose off record strategy for her class. This exploitation is considered effective due to the exceptional condition of the children. Clear and direct utterances which encourage their self esteem are good choice for them. Such utterances in that features can be accommodated by those three types of politeness strategies in either verbal or non-verbal mode.

Strategi Kesantunan Negatif Tindak Tutur Direktif Masyarakat Indonesia Dalam Akun Twitter Presiden Joko Widodo

“…Penelitian mengenai strategi kesantunan, sejauh ini sudah banyak dikaji oleh berbagai peneliti, baik dalam lingkup lokal, nasional, bahkan internasional, namun belum ada penelitian yang membahas kesantunan negatif tindak tutur direktif masyarakat Indonesia. Adapun penelitian mengenai kesantunan yang sudah dikaji di antaranya; Kesantunan Melayu Maros (2011) kesantunan dan ketidaksantunan dalam New Zealand English (Holmes, Marra, & Vine, 2012), kesantunan guru (Sugini, Djatmika, & Maryadi (2016) formula ketidaksantunan (Culpeper, 2010: Dobs & Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, 2013, dan penerjemahan penanda kesantunan perintah dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia (Ardi, Nababan, Djatmika, Santosa, 2018). Penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan itu belum ada yang mengaitkan antara kesantunan muka negatif dan tindak tutur direktif di media twitter, khususnya masyarakat Indonesia.…”

“…Temuan penanda kesantunan yang digunakan juga relatif sejalan dengan kesantunan dalam bahasa Melayu Maros (2011) dan penada kesantunan yang digunakan oleh guru (Sugini, Djatmika, & Maryadi (2016). Artinya, penanda kesantunan negatif cenderung digunakan pada saat menjaga muka negatif ketika mitra tutur tidak ingin wilayahnya diganggu (Brown & Levinson, 1987).…”

Male and Female Students’ Politeness in Sragen, Central Java

“…Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sugini, Djatmika, Maryadi (2016) ;Bacha, Bahous, Diab (2012) ;Elmianvari dan Kheirabadi (2013);Hartuti (2015) dan Gunawan (2014) yang membahas bentuk kesantunan berbahasa di kelas. Sementara, Juita (2016) mengkaji kesantunan pada etnis Minangkabau dari budaya lisan.…”

Do Teachers’ Non-Verbal Behaviors Support the Verbal Production of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)?

“…Several studies with these children have been conducted by psycholinguists such as by Fleury et al (2014) who investigated active participation in book reading with a preschooler with ASD. On the other hand, one study was also performed to see how teachers exploit pragmatic politeness in making the learning process with these children more conveniently (Sugini et al, 2016).…”