“…al, 2014; Østby et al, 2013). These systemic barriers have detrimental effects on career advancement (Anonymous and Anonymous, 1999; Van Assendelft et al, 2003; Wolfinger et al, 2008). While this negative impact can be particularly acute for graduate students and less-established faculty regarding acquiring positions and appropriate salaries, discrimination affects all women political scientists in various ways, including the distribution of service responsibilities, securing tenure and promotion, experiencing institutional responsiveness to outside offers (Monroe, 2013; Monroe et al, 2014), and the awarding of distinctions, such as Canada Research Chairs (Samson, 2014; Side and Robbins, 2007).…”