Pollen sensitization and aero-palynological monitoring for determination of significant allergens in early spring pollinosis

Abstract

Background. To estimate dynamics of registered pollinosis prevalence among children in Perm region, to compare regional aeropalynological data and features of sensitization to early spring trees pollen. Methods. Analysis of registered allergic rhinitis morbidity (2005-2012) has been done; a structure of spring pollinosis sensitization was investigated in 592 skin tests protocols, that were held using water-salt extracts of allergens. The pollen monitoring during the period 2010-2014 was conducted in Perm using the Burkard volumetric trap. Results. General allergic rhinitis morbidity got a 34,6% rise during eight years of observation. Spring trees pollen sensitization was identified in 49,8% of patients. Birch pollen often caused sensitization and amounted to 62±8,7% of seasonal spectrum. Seasonal spectrum of alder pollen was 3,9±3%, but increased a number of days with seasonal high pollen concentration (p=0,02, p=0,05). Alder pollen caused sensitization as often as birch. Most part of positive skin tests with other spring trees is a result of allergic cross-reactivity with birch. Conclusion. The relevance of the pollinosis problem is connected with increasing of its prevalence. Evaluation of sensitization is not coordinated with an aeropalynological data. The problem needs such approaches as observation of clinical symptoms in the acute season pallination or application of modern molecular diagnostics of allergy to identify cross-reactivity.