Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater: Significance of unknown precursors, manufacturing shifts, and likely AFFF impacts

Houtz, Erika; Sutton, Rebecca; Park, June-Soo; Sedlak, Margaret D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.055

Cited by 292 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, although PC 3 in both periods was of minor importance, the distribution pattern of indicative compounds reflected the influence of certain sources. PFBS was used in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to replace PFOS41 and it was also observed in the impacted surface water294445, besides, PFBS in this study also presented in similar pattern (e.g. W5–7, downstream of the Airport).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Zhang

Wang

Wang³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Various per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) were first systematically investigated in North Canal Basin, Beijing, China. A total of 68 surface water samples were collected from North Canal Basin, Beijing, at high spatial resolution. The seasonal disparity was compared and associated with source variation. PFCs concentrations in low-water period ranged from 26 to 207 ng/L, and significantly declined levels were found in high-water period. The individual component proportions among different sites varied less in high-water period, when runoff played a role in mixing and diluting PFCs. A methodology combined with principal component analysis (PCA), heat map-hierarchical cluster analysis (HM-HCA), and correlation analysis were introduced to discriminate sources of PFCs in surface water. The statistical results agreed with each other, and daily domestic consumption, fire-fighting products and related industries were identified as sources of PFCs in this region. In addition, two composition ratios were proposed through the methodology to distinguish the impact of nonpoint source, and the outcome demonstrates that great disparities exist in compositional profiles between nonpoint source and others. Overall, the results showed that this comprehensive analysis method has great potential for source apportionment in surface water and other environmental compartments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Zhang

Wang

Wang³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…57,58 Many of the impacted drinking water systems are groundwater systems, and contaminated groundwater plumes are often much smaller than 50 km. 23,53,59 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Andrews

Lindstrom

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

987

716

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Drinking water contamination with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) poses risks to the developmental, immune, metabolic, and endocrine health of consumers. We present a spatial analysis of 2013–2015 national drinking water PFAS concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) program. The number of industrial sites that manufacture or use these compounds, the number of military fire training areas, and the number of wastewater treatment plants are all significant predictors of PFAS detection frequencies and concentrations in public water supplies. Among samples with detectable PFAS levels, each additional military site within a watershed’s eight-digit hydrologic unit is associated with a 20% increase in PFHxS, a 10% increase in both PFHpA and PFOA, and a 35% increase in PFOS. The number of civilian airports with personnel trained in the use of aqueous film-forming foams is significantly associated with the detection of PFASs above the minimal reporting level. We find drinking water supplies for 6 million U.S. residents exceed US EPA’s lifetime health advisory (70 ng/L) for PFOS and PFOA. Lower analytical reporting limits and additional sampling of smaller utilities serving <10000 individuals and private wells would greatly assist in further identifying PFAS contamination sources.

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“…Moreover, the sparged ozone may facilitate biological/chemical transformation of polyfluorinated precursors into PFAA. With numerous polyfluorinated precursors potentially in waste streams that are (to date) unidentified (Houtz et al ), the OCRA process provides a mechanism to remove a greater quantity of PFAS that other treatment technologies.…”

Section: The Next Generation Of Water Treatment Technology For Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Treatment Technologies for PFAS: The Next Generation

Horst¹,

McDonough²,

Ross³

et al. 2018

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater: Significance of unknown precursors, manufacturing shifts, and likely AFFF impacts

Cited by 292 publications

References 37 publications

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Water Treatment Technologies for PFAS: The Next Generation

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