Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation

Abstract

With growth in civilisation and industrialisation, there is an increase in the release of toxic heavy metal ions and dyes into water system, which is of public concern. As a result, appropriate treatment methods have to be implemented in order to mitigate and prevent water pollution. The discovery of nanotechnology has led to the development and utilisation of various nanoadsorbent for the removal of pollutants from water. PANI nanostructures and nanocomposites are noble adsorbents that have gained popularity in addressing water pollution issues and have been reported in literature. In this chapter, the main focus is on the synthesis of PANI nanocomposites and nanostructures and their application as efficient adsorbents for water treatment. Detailed discussions on different synthetic routes and characterisation have been dedicated to applications of these materials and are compared for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from water.

Kinetic and Isothermal Investigations on the Use of Low Cost Coconut Fiber-Polyaniline Composites for the Removal of Chromium from Wastewater

“…Recently, conducting polymers have attracted a lot of attention in pollutant adsorption due to their properties such as special morphologies, functional groups and simple synthetic procedure [ 22 ]. They have the ability to remove heavy metals through complexation and ion-exchange mechanism [ 23 ].…”

“…Apart from PANI, PANI-based composites have also been studied for their application in heavy metal adsorption. PANI-based composites offer added advantages such as higher surface area, higher dispersibility, enhanced adsorption performance, and combined properties of the polymer and the substrate [ 22 , 25 ]. Dutta et al (2021) synthesized polyaniline-polypyrrole copolymer coated green rice husk ash and investigated its potential for Cr(VI) removal [ 26 ].…”

Polyaniline-based adsorbents for aqueous pollutants removal: A review

“…Adsorption is one of the most cost-effective and promising methods because of its low cost, insensitivity to toxic pollutants, simplicity and flexibility in design and operation [7]. The past decades have witnessed emerging research activities to develop numerous materials for adsorption of aqueous pollutants [8]. Various adsorbents, such as activated carbon, natural zeolites, alumina, biochar, and clay minerals have been used for the removal of aqueous pollutants.…”

“…Thus, growing research interest has been shifted towards low-cost and efficient adsorbents with facile 3 regeneration. Recently, conducting polymers, such as polyaniline(PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) have attracted increasing attention for aqueous pollutants removal because of their simple synthesis procedures, tunable morphologies and versatile functional groups [8]. This review details and evaluates PANI and its composites due to their low costs, ease of synthesis, excellent environmental stabilities, and unique doping/dedoping properties [8].…”

“…NH-), and tunable properties [10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, PANIbased nanocomposites have also been widely studied for adsorption of pollutants, due to their high surface areas, excellent dispersibility, and synergistic properties of the polymer and the filler [8,14,15]. Another advantage of PANI-based nanocomposites is their diverse morphological structures, which are adjustable by changing some synthesis parameters, such as the dopant type, reaction time and temperature.…”