Polybutadiene crosslinked by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Pyrolysis mechanism, DFT studies and propellant burning rate characteristics

Reshmi, S.; Vijayalakshmi, K. P.; Thomas, Deepthi; Ramanan, Rajeev; Nair, C. P. Reghunadhan

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.01.020

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1, in order to gra the desired ion pairs onto the GAP backbone, highly regioselective copper-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide group and a terminal alkyne, typical "click chemistry", was adopted, resulting in 1,2,3 triazole rings, due to its feasibility and notable reactivity. [20][21][22][23][24] Interestingly, the pristine azide group and the formed triazole are both energetic sites, which are widely used in GAP curing systems as energetic propellant binders with higher heats of exothermic decomposition. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, the newly-formed polyelectrolytes (GEPEs) maintain the energetic characteristics, which was expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Interestingly, the pristine azide group and the formed triazole are both energetic sites, which are widely used in GAP curing systems as energetic propellant binders with higher heats of exothermic decomposition. [20][21][22][23] Therefore, the newly-formed polyelectrolytes (GEPEs) maintain the energetic characteristics, which was expected. The structure of the ammonium salt monomer containing alkyne was conrmed by NMR, and the data are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formed triazole ring is both the connection point between the ionic site and the backbone, and energetic structure. [20][21][22] The enthalpy of decomposition of the azide group in GAP is 317 kJ mol À1 and that of the triazole is 418 kJ mol À1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new strategy for the fabrication of high performance reactive microspheres via energetic polyelectrolyte assembly

Zhang

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Since the thermite reaction in aluminum-based nanostructured energetic materials (NEMs) is closely involved with Al and oxide nanoparticles (NPs), intimate interfacial contact between the Al and oxide NPs is widely considered to be a key parameter for the NEMs with high reactivity. With the aim to overcome the disadvantage of inert modifiers without energetic groups, used in the assembly approach, which is a cutting-edge solution to precisely organize the arrangement of the Al and oxide NPs and lead to enhanced intimacy, we successfully prepared GAP-based (GAP, glycidyl azide polymer) energetic polyelectrolytes (GEPEs) and demonstrated electrostatic assembly as a facile way to fabricate high performance, reactive Al/Fe 2 O 3 microspheres after modification of the Al and Fe 2 O 3 NPs with the GEPEs.The pressurization rate of the obtained reactive microspheres, a relative measurement of the reactivity, reached 410.36 MPa s À1, which is the highest value obtained so far, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of other reported Al/Fe 2 O 3 NEMs. The incorporated GEPEs serve three main roles:GEPEs act as a modifier by interacting strongly with the NPs, and improve the intimacy of the Al and Fe 2 O 3 via powerful electrostatic attraction between the modified NPs; the assembly of the reactive microspheres can be achieved through the directing assembly of the GEPEs themselves; internal gas released by the decomposition of energetic sites existing inside the assembled microspheres rapidly separates the NPs to prevent adverse sintering and to weaken the nanostructure loss during the reaction, resulting in an improvement of the reactivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new strategy for the fabrication of high performance reactive microspheres via energetic polyelectrolyte assembly

Zhang

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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“…Moreover, a demand for an alternative to the urethane curing system in solid propellants has been raised due to the high sensitivity of isocyanate groups to moisture and hazardous manufacturing process of isocyanate using toxic phosgene. In addition, the inherent incompatibility of isocyanates with energetic oxidizers like ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and hydraziniumnitroformate (HNF) also warrants new curing methodologies to be evolved for processing high energy 'green' propellants using HTPB as binder [6][7][8]. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a new type of room temperature curing system based on HTPB with small shrinkage and wide environment adaptability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene Curing by 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition of Energetic Nitrile N‐Oxides: Room Temperature Curing Property, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Propellant Combustion Characteristics

Lei

Fan

Huo

2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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5‐nitro‐1,3‐benzenedichloroaldehyde oxime was designed and synthesized to achieve room temperature curing of HTPB binders, and its structures were characterized. A new kind of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction system was formed by HTPB as main resin, 5‐nitro‐1,3‐benzenedichloroaldehyde oxime and triethylamine as curing agent. The results revealed that the formation of isoxazoline ring in cured HTPB elastomers mainly derived form the reaction of Nitrile N‐Oxide with cis alkene of HTPB, and the cured HTPB elastomers underwent three stages decomposition. The kinetic parameters and thermodynamic parameters for the 14 % curing agent's sample were obtained from the DSC data. The activation energy was computed to be 204.75 kJ mol−1 and pre‐exponential factor was 1.38×1023 s−1.The burning rate of the propellant showed that the propellant with HTPB cured by containing −NO2 Nitrile N‐Oxides (100 % HTPB, 14 % Nitrile N‐Oxides, 2 % Aluminum and 77 % Ammonium perchlorate, Curing at 25 °C for 5 days ) had a higher burning rate and pressure exponent compared to conventional HTPB propellant (100 % HTPB, 14 % toluene diisocyanate, Nitrile N‐Oxides, 2 % Aluminum and 77 % Ammonium perchlorate, Curing at 60 °C for 5 days). Therefore, the containing −NO2 Nitrile N‐Oxides curing system could be used as a novel promising curing system for HTPB‐based solid composite propellants.

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“…Efforts have been mainly devoted to the development of novel propellants with high performance and a wide-range plateau in order to fulfill the ever-growing and challenging requirements, i.e. carrying heavier payloads for longer distances [4][5][6][7]. The plateau combustion range of a solid rocket propellant determines its ballistic performance, flying speed and stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants

Wang¹,

Yan²,

An³

et al. 2018

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Novel lead and copper salts based on anthraquinone, including 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone,1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dinitroanthraquinone, were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The catalytic effects of these compounds on the decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC) and on the combustion properties of double-base (DB) and composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellants were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated that the burning rate is significantly increased (by 200%) in the lower pressure range (2-6 MPa) as compared to the control systems without added anthraquinone-based salts. Concurrently, the pressure exponents (n) were obviously lower, exhibiting a "wide-range plateau" combustion phenomenon in the middle-pressure region. Specifically, for the DB propellants such a plateau region extended from 10 MPa to 16 MPa for n equal to 0.10, from 10 MPa to 18 MPa for n equal to 0.11 and from 8 MPa to 18 MPa when n is 0.05. In the case of RDX-CMDB propellants, the plateau was found to be in the range 6-18 MPa, with n in the range 0.16-0.27, depending on the type of catalyst, in contrast to the reference CMDB sample, which was characterized by n equal to 0.7 for the same pressure range.

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Polybutadiene crosslinked by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Pyrolysis mechanism, DFT studies and propellant burning rate characteristics

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

A new strategy for the fabrication of high performance reactive microspheres via energetic polyelectrolyte assembly

A new strategy for the fabrication of high performance reactive microspheres via energetic polyelectrolyte assembly

Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene Curing by 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition of Energetic Nitrile N‐Oxides: Room Temperature Curing Property, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Propellant Combustion Characteristics

Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants

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