Polydopamine Promotes Dentin Remineralization via Interfacial Control

Abstract

Biomineralization has intrigued researchers for decades. Although mineralization of type I collagen has been universally investigated, this process remains a great challenge due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of the roles of biomolecules. In our study, dentine was successfully repaired using the biomolecule polydopamine (PDA), and the remineralized dentine exhibited mechanical properties comparable to those of natural dentine. Detailed analyses of the collagen mineralization process facilitated by PDA showed that PDA can promote intrafibrillar mineralization with a decreased heterogeneous nucleation barrier for hydroxyapatite (HAP) by reducing the interfacial energy between collagen fibrils and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), resulting in the conversion of an increasing amount of nanoprecursors into collagen fibrils. The present work highlights the importance of interfacial control in dentine remineralization and provides profound insight into the regulatory effect of biomolecules in collagen mineralization as well as the clinical application of dentine restoration.

Promotion of collagen mineralization and dentin repair by succinates

“…According to our previous studies, we have established two rational mineralization solutions with different supersaturation with respect to HAP, according to the mineralization characteristics of reconstructed collagen fibers and dentinal collagen. 7,41 To achieve high mineralization efficiency in the different mineralized systems, we selected different polyelectrolytes, pAsp for collagen fibers and hydrogel mineralization, and PAA for dentin remineralization (see below), respectively. The mineralization of collagen fibers was performed in a mineralization solution, containing 1.67 mM CaCl 2 , 9.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, and 0.24 mg mL −1 pAsp ( M W = 9000–11 000).…”

Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair

“…It was found that the adsorbed citrate molecules on collagen fibrils significantly reduced the interfacial energy between the collagen matrix and the ACP precursor via interface wetting effect, and therefore facilitating intrafibrillar mineralization of apatite at an early stage of biomineralization. Similarly, polydopamine (PDA) was utilized in their subsequent work by Qu et al [ 87 ] to promote dentin remineralization with decreased heterogeneous nucleation energy barrier by reducing interfacial energy of collagen/ACP.…”

Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair

“…Over the last few years, mineralization systems based on ACP precursors have been further expanded. To promote the effects of dentin remineralization, several molecules, including L -glutamic acid, 181 aspartic acid, 182 glutaraldehyde, 183 citrate, 133 chondroitin sulfate 184 and polydopamine 185 have been introduced to accelerate the crystallization kinetics or facilitate the intrafibrillar penetration of the ACP precursor. For example, Tang et al 133 treated collagen fibrils with citrate and enhanced the wetting effect of ACP precursor towards collagen fibrils by remarkably reducing the interfacial energy between them (Fig.…”