Polymer and sprinkler droplet energy effects on sugar beet emergence, soil penetration resistance, and aggregate stability

Lehrsch, G.A.; Lentz, R.D.; Kincaid, D. C.

doi:10.1007/s11104-004-7614-6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If these processes are shown to inhibit emergence, then there are management options that can be used to overcome these limitations. For example, synthetic seed coats could be used to reduce abiotic stress effects on emerging seedlings, soil amendments could be used to reduce physical crusting, and fungicides could be used to reduce mortality from pathogens (Harper, Landragin & Ludwig 1955; Lehrsch, Lentz & Kincaid 2005; Turner et al. 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration

James

Svejcar

Rinella

2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

303

252

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Summary 1.Seeding is an important management tool in aridland restoration, but seeded species often fail to establish. Previous research has largely focused on the technical aspects of seeding with little effort directed at identifying demographic processes driving recruitment failures. 2. In tilled plots, in each of 3 years, we estimated life stage transition probabilities for three species commonly used in sage steppe restoration. We also took similar measurements on seed sown by managers following four major fires. 3. Point estimates and associated Bayesian confidence intervals demonstrated germination probabilities that were consistently high, averaging 0AE72. However, estimates suggest only 17 and 7% of the germinated seeds emerged in the tilled plots and fire sites, respectively. Following emergence, survival across the seedling, juvenile and adult transitions averaged 0AE72. This suggests the transition from a germinated seed to an emerged seedling was the major bottleneck in recruitment. Although most individuals died during emergence, this was not always the principal source of variation in recruitment across sites. 4. Synthesis and applications. Processes occurring after emergence, such as mortality during spring and summer drought, may contribute to site-to-site variation in recruitment but are unlikely to be the main causes of restoration failures. Instead, recruitment may largely be determined by processes occurring during emergence, such as freezing and thawing of the seedbed, development of physical soil crusts and pathogen attack on germinated seeds. Using tools such as seed coatings and soil amendments to manage processes inhibiting emergence and developing seed mixes with higher emergence probabilities are likely to greatly improve restoration outcomes in the sage steppe and similar aridland systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration

James

Svejcar

Rinella

2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

303

252

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“…Immediately thereafter, each duplicate was sieved for 600 s in tap water through a nest of sieves with openings of 4.75, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.25 mm. The tap water had a pH of 7.6, EC of 0.7 dS m -1 and SAR of 1.7 (Lehrsch et al, 2005). Each resulting size distribution was expressed as a mean weight diameter, MWD (van Bavel, 1949), calculated per Angers and Mehuys (1993), with each sample's duplicate MWDs arithmetically averaged before analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) reduces sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) populations. Fall-incorporated radish biomass may also increase the yield and quality of subsequently grown sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by improving soil physical and hydraulic properties. This field study determined radish effects on nearsurface soil aggregate stability, water-stable aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and field-saturated water content, as well as infiltration and hydraulic conductivity measured at water supply potentials of -40, -20, and +0 mm H 2 O. In 2003 and 2004 in Twin Falls, ID, radish were grown in a Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) for about 10 weeks in the fall, then incorporated later that fall by disking, followed by moldboard plowing. In early May of the following year, sugarbeet were planted, irrigated, then harvested for yield and quality. In the spring and fall of each sugarbeet growing season, soil samples were collected from two depths, 0 to 5 and 5 to 50 mm, on which we measured aggregate stability and size distribution by wet sieving. Soil cores were collected from 0 to 34 mm to measure bulk density. Also in spring and fall, we used ponded and tension infiltrometers placed in the row to measure steadystate, unconfined infiltration rates and, from those rates, to Additional key words: Raphanus sativus, cover crop, Beta vulgaris, aggregate stability, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity W ater use efficiency is increased by improving soil water relations, such as infiltration or water retention, for crops grown in rotation. Adding oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) as a temperate-region, non-legume green manure into crop rotations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and/or sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) may enhance soil water relations.Green manures are crops that, while still green or soon after maturity, are incorporated into soil to improve the soil's physical, chemical, or biological properties and thereby increase the succeeding crop's yield, quality, or both (Cherr et al., 2006). Additions of organic matter, including that from an incorporated green manure, are commonly thought to increase soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992). Amendments can also reduce bulk density, alter soil pore size distributions, reduce a soil's susceptibility to erosion, and slow the formation of surface seals and crusts, thereby maintaining infiltration rates and thus delaying runoff (Bresson et al., 2001;Edmeades, 2003;Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Organic amendment effects on a soil's water-holding capacity (WHC) may or may not occur (Głąb and Kulig, 2008;MacRae and Mehuys, 1985). Adding organic matter may increase both the field capacity and permanent wilting point, resulting in little or no net change (Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Alternatively, such additions may decrease WHC, due to decreases in bulk density and chang...

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“…PR, expressed in megapascal, was calculated by dividing the force by the cross-sectional area of the rod tip. For additional details on our PR measurement procedure, see Lehrsch et al (2005b). We used the arithmetic average of the PRs of all probings in a plot as that plot's PR in subsequent statistical analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately thereafter, each duplicate was sieved for 600 s in tap water through a nest of sieves with openings of 4.75, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.25 mm. The tap water had a pH of 7.6, EC of 0.7 dS m -1 and SAR of 1.7 (Lehrsch et al, 2005b). Each resulting size distribution was expressed as an MWD (van Bavel, 1949) calculated as per Angers and Mehuys (1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprinkler Droplet Energy Effects on Soil Penetration Resistance and Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution

Lehrsch¹,

Kincaid²

2006

Soil Science

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Sprinkler droplet energy degrades surface soil structure. Modifying sprinkler irrigation systems to reduce droplet energy may reduce surface sealing and crusting, thereby increasing emergence. From 1997 to 2001, we evaluated the effects of sprinkler droplet kinetic energies of 0, 8, and 16J kg -1 on in situ surface penetration resistance (PR, a measure of crust strength), aggregate stability (a measure of a soil's resistance to breakdown), and water-stable aggregate size distribution, expressed as a mean weight diameter (MWD). Each year near Kimberly, ID, we planted sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) into an initially tilled field of structurally weak Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), then irrigated two to four times using a lateral-move sprinkler system with spray heads having either smooth or spinning, four-groove deflector plates. Mter the first and last irrigation each year, we measured PR in situ and collected soil samples at the surface, 0 to 6 mm. When measured after one irrigation, PR increased, and aggregate stability generally decreased as droplet energy increased, although the magnitude of the response differed from year to year. Mter multiple irrigations, PR decreased linearly with increasing droplet energy, likely due to erosion of the crusted surface. Five-year average MWD after multiple irrigations decreased by 10%, to 0.42 mm, with droplet energies of 8 J kg-1 or more. Trend analysis of soils data from 1998 to 2001 revealed that droplet energies~10.6 J kg -1 decreased MWD most. Producers should reduce sprinkler droplet kinetic energy to <10.6 J kg -1 to minimize surface structural breakdown of recently tilled soil. (Soil Science 2006;171:435-447)

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Polymer and sprinkler droplet energy effects on sugar beet emergence, soil penetration resistance, and aggregate stability

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration

Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Sprinkler Droplet Energy Effects on Soil Penetration Resistance and Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution

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