Polymer heatproofing mechanism of lignin extracted by simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and comminution

Nonflammable UV protective films consisting of clay and lignin with tunable light/gas transparency

“…SESC lignin was prepared from Japanese cedar according to the basic procedures described as follows. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] For SESC treatment, a mixture of cedar powder (10 w/w% for water; 0.01-2 mm4), an enzyme cocktail prepared by combining equal amounts of commercial enzymes OPTIMASH XL containing cellulase and xylanase (10 300 U g À1 ) and OPTIMASH BG containing xylanase and b-glucosidase (6200 U g À1 ) from DuPont™ Genencor® Science, and 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) were ground by bead milling (Labstar® LMZ015; Ashizawa Finetech Ltd, Japan) at a peripheral velocity of 14.0 m s À1 at 50 C. Stainless steel inactivates the enzyme. Therefore, the inner walls of the LMZ015 vessel were covered with a ceramic lining to prevent damage to the enzyme.…”

“…In this process, wet-type ultrane bead milling and enzymatic reactions for plants were used to isolate polysaccharides and lignin, which are the main components of plants, as a sugar solution and lignin water dispersion without the use of toxic reagents and the formation of byproducts. 13,14 The obtained sugar solution and lignin water dispersion can be used in the production of methane gas/drinkable alcohol 15,16 and for heat-proong ller/UV absorber, [17][18][19][20][21] respectively.…”

Functional “permanently whitened” lignin synthesized via solvent-controlled encapsulation

“…36,37 Previously, heatproofing of the synthetic polymer was reported by feeding a small amount of SESC lignin, which is brought by the combination of preferential pyrolysis and radical scavenging of lignin structure. 27,38,39 The whitened SESC lignin nanoparticle enables it to be dispersed in hydrophobic polymers such as poly(ε-caprolactone), a bio-originated polyester. Furthermore, feeding 5 w/w% of hexyl or heptyl-modified SESC lignin to poly(ε-caprolactone) increases its 5 and 50% weight decomposition temperature to approximately 20 and 60 °C (Fig.…”

Electrically conducting films prepared from graphite and lignin in pure water

“…To overcome this problem, we recently proposed a novel lignin extraction method called simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and comminution (SESC), in which wet-type ultrafine bead milling and enzymatic reactions for plants are used to isolate polysaccharides and lignin, which are the main components of plants, in the form of sugar solution and lignin water dispersion from plants without the utilization of and contamination by toxic reagents and byproducts ( Shikinaka et al, 2016 ; Navarro et al, 2018 ). The obtained sugar solution and lignin water dispersion can be applied to methane gas ( Navarro et al, 2020 ), drinkable alcohol ( Otsuka et al, 2020 ), and functional polymeric materials, such as heat-proofing fillers ( Shikinaka et al, 2018a ; Sotome et al, 2020 ; Shikinaka et al, 2021 ) and UV absorbers ( Shikinaka et al, 2019 ; Shikinaka et al, 2020 ). The lignin derivatives extracted by SESC (later denoted as SESC lignin) are water-dispersed nanoparticles ( Shikinaka et al, 2016 ).…”