Polymer Hydrogels: A Review

Synthesis and characterization of high performance superabsorbent hydrogels using bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate as crosslinker

“…It is assumed that the presence of the highly polar sulfonate group in the structure of the SPM has a key role in the absorption capacity of the SAPs [22,23]. The amount of crosslinker is also determinant for the swelling behaviour of hydrogels [4,24]. The most promising result was obtained for SAP5, where AA and SPM were used as monomers, and with a BMEP concentration of 0,00118 M. The ratio of charged monomers to BMEP is very low (approximately 1.100) as well as its concentration (0.0018 M).…”

“…These 3D structures can absorb large amounts of water or aqueous fluids in relatively short periods of time, as compared to conventional hydrogels, and generally absorb an amount of water that can reach 1000 times (or more) their dry weight material [2,3]. Hydrogels can be applied in a wide range of products and areas (e.g., hygiene, biomedical, pharmaceutical, agriculture) due to their unique properties such as hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and especially high absorption capacity and swelling/de-swelling behaviour [3][4][5]. Particularly, SAPs appear as materials with promising characteristics to improve the use of water in soils.…”

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

“…Relatively little has been reported about the effects of squeezing highly absorbent products in an effort to expel the imbibed aqueous fluid. Though resistance to squeezing is sometimes considered to be a characteristic of superabsorbent materials (Laftah 2011), it is clear that application of pressure can at least partly reverse the osmotically-drive effects (Sannino et al 2004b;. Though the concepts of osmotic pressure and the Donnan equilibrium have provided a basis for understanding bioresources.com Hubbe et al (2013).…”

“…In the review article by Laftah et al (2011), the findings of such studies were summarized by stating that nanofibers can either increase or decrease absorbency in different cases. The hydrophilic nature of cellulosic fibers contributes to the absorbency of the structure as a whole, yet the more rigid nature of the resulting network structure can contribute to decreased absorbency.…”

“…Effects of the presence of nanocellulose on the swelling of SAP composites has been considered in several studies (Buyanov et al 2010;Larsson et al 2010Larsson et al , 2011Laftah et al 2011;Spagnol et al 2012a). In the review article by Laftah et al (2011), the findings of such studies were summarized by stating that nanofibers can either increase or decrease absorbency in different cases.…”