Polymerization of olefins formed by the action of sulphuric acid on methylisopropylcarbinol

Kline, Gordon M.; Drake, Nathan L.

doi:10.6028/jres.013.052

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…As previously mentioned, only one serious attempt has been made to identify the diamylenes in a similar reaction (6). As previously mentioned, only one serious attempt has been made to identify the diamylenes in a similar reaction (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information concerning the mechanism of the polymerization of the amylenes by sulfuric acid and the exact molecular structures of the resulting diamylenes is to a large extent uncertain. As previously mentioned, only one serious attempt has been made to identify the diamylenes in a similar reaction (6). In this case the diamylenes were prepared from methylisopropylcarbinol and sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, sulfuric acid con- a Diamylene synthesized from total mixed amylenes prepared from technical dimethylethylcarbinol with activated alumina at 375°C. 6 Diamylene synthesized from total mixed amylenes prepared by the selective dehydration of technical dimethylethylcarbinol by means of dilute sulfuric acid. centrations above 81 per cent caused oxidation, and charring resulted.…”

Section: Preparation Of Diamylenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Decanes as High-Antiknock Fuels

Cramer¹,

Campbell²

1937

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYand all of the metaphosphates were dissolved by ammonium citrate and by dilute acids.Analytical constants were imposed in making direct molybdenum oxide precipitations to determine the speed of PO, to PO4 transition in metaphosphate extracts.The factors of time, temperature, and initial Po4 content of dilute nitric acid extracts were studied to determine their influence upon transition of PO8 to PO1.Wide variations in the aqueous extractability of the metaphosphates were attributed to variant amounts of solidphase PO3 in excess of the proportion CaO: Pz06, in relation to silicophosphates which dissolve and hydrolyze to give HP03 and soluble silica. The progressive hydrolysis induced by this engendered acid of the extracts was determined.Within the range of 5 to 50 grams per liter, the more acidic types yielded practically complete solvency and stable solutions of proportionate PzO5 concentrations to extended aqueous extractions; but the less acidic products did not, the pH of their extracts increasing with charge, and no solute phosphates were present in the 50-gram per liter systems.When the inherent acidities of the solids were bolstered by the acidities of 0.05 and 0.1 N nitric acid extractions, the 50gram charges of all metaphosphates were almost completely dissolved into stable systems. Adequate acidity prevented the precipitation of iron and aluminum phosphates and thus maintained the stability of the metaphosphate extracts.Transitions of PO3 to Pod, which were very slow in aqueous and in dilute acid solutions at room temperature, tended to increase slightly with salt additions, and increased decidedly with increases in temperature and concentration of acid, other than H3P04.Quenching of the metaphosphate melts resulted in greater solubility, through hydration of the solids, and also accelerated the hydrolytic transitions in the extracts, especially for products of high soluble-silica content.Variations in the technic of drying the quenched melts caused varying degrees of hydration in the solid, altered the silica solubility, and governed the initial amount of PO4 in the aqueous extracts.The hygroscopic tendencies of finely ground metaphosphates were completely overcome by laboratory admixtures of three parts of limestone or of dolomite in moist atmosphere of two temperature ranges; and corresponding one-ton admixtures were in good condition after 3 months.Suspensions of soil, subsoil, ferric oxide, and aluminum oxide in both aqueous and ammonium citrate solutions of meta-and of orthocalcium phosphates registered decidedly greater absorptions of POa in every parallel system, for each PzOs concentration and pH value of the initial solution. Literature Cited

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Diamylenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Decanes as High-Antiknock Fuels

Cramer¹,

Campbell²

1937

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…Kline and Drake (10) proposed a mechanism in which the principal reaction involves rupture of a carbon-carbon bond to give a methyl and an olefin radical which then add to the double bond of another olefin molecule. Although preference for a carbon-carbon rupture is reasonable in view of the lower energy of dissociation of the carbon-carbon bond (82.5 kcal.)…”

Section: Polymerization Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

MANYattempts (8,10,11,19) have been made to describe the mechanism of the catalytic polymerization of olefins in general terms which would not only account for the polymer compounds known to be formed but would also enable predictions to be made of the polymer structures from any pure olefin or mixture of olefins of known structure. The need for some theory, or set of working rules, which will enable a fairly reliable prediction to be made of the structural composition of a polymer is evident when, to take an example at random, the polymerization of any pentene to decenes is considered.

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confidence: 99%