2022
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00964-2
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Polymorphisms of potential drug resistant molecular markers in Plasmodium vivax from China–Myanmar border during 2008‒2017

Abstract: Background Plasmodium vivax remains the predominant species at the China–Myanmar border, imposing a major challenge to the recent gains in regional malaria elimination. To closely supervise the emerging of drug resistance in this area, we surveyed the variations in genes potentially correlated with drug resistance in P. vivax parasite and the possible drug selection with time. Methods A total of 235 P. vivax samples were collected from patients suf… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Of the 18 SNPs that were detected in all years, eight loci mutations were frequently detected in Burmese strains, including c.1539T>A (S513R), c.2092G>A (G698S), c.2533C>T (L845F), c.2582C>A (A861E), c.2822A>C (M908L), c.2873C>T (T958M), c.3226T>C (F1076L), and c.4179G>C (K1393N) [ 46 ]. Of which, c.2822A>C ( M908L) and c.2873C>T (T958M) reached 100% detection, which was consistent with previous results of nearly 100% of these isolates found in the Myanmar Laza city [ 53 ], the China-Myanmar border [ 46 , 51 , 54 ], the Thai-Myanmar border [ 55 , 56 ], and the Thai-Cambodia-Thailand-Lao border [ 47 ], which is also consistent with previous studies that have shown that the pvmdr1 gene sequences all came from P. vivax populations in Southeast Asia, and P. vivax strains of the present study were mainly composed of Burmese strains, accounting for 94.0% (708/753). Meanwhile, although the Ka/Ks ratios in this study were much greater than 1, in view of no positive selection pattern of low-frequency mutation surges in the mediator network map, it may still be attributed to the combination of neutral selection and drug pressure screening that the c.2822A>C (M908L) and c.2873C>T (T958M) mutations were detected in all samples strains [ 46 , 57 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Of the 18 SNPs that were detected in all years, eight loci mutations were frequently detected in Burmese strains, including c.1539T>A (S513R), c.2092G>A (G698S), c.2533C>T (L845F), c.2582C>A (A861E), c.2822A>C (M908L), c.2873C>T (T958M), c.3226T>C (F1076L), and c.4179G>C (K1393N) [ 46 ]. Of which, c.2822A>C ( M908L) and c.2873C>T (T958M) reached 100% detection, which was consistent with previous results of nearly 100% of these isolates found in the Myanmar Laza city [ 53 ], the China-Myanmar border [ 46 , 51 , 54 ], the Thai-Myanmar border [ 55 , 56 ], and the Thai-Cambodia-Thailand-Lao border [ 47 ], which is also consistent with previous studies that have shown that the pvmdr1 gene sequences all came from P. vivax populations in Southeast Asia, and P. vivax strains of the present study were mainly composed of Burmese strains, accounting for 94.0% (708/753). Meanwhile, although the Ka/Ks ratios in this study were much greater than 1, in view of no positive selection pattern of low-frequency mutation surges in the mediator network map, it may still be attributed to the combination of neutral selection and drug pressure screening that the c.2822A>C (M908L) and c.2873C>T (T958M) mutations were detected in all samples strains [ 46 , 57 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…However, this finding is not consistent with that of other studies conducted in India which reported K10 proportion of ~ 9.5–17.5% and 5.6% in Chandigarh (North India) and Mangalore (South India), respectively [ 72 , 73 ]. Likewise, higher proportions were reported in other endemic regions such as Myanmar (~ 28.2–72.7%) and China–Myanmar border (33.2%) [ 74 76 ]. All these findings indicate a spatiotemporal variation of K10 proportion in P. vivax areas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…China’s Yunnan Province borders Myanmar, so there is a high risk of cross-border transmission of mosquito vectors, which still requires high attention. Due to the limitation of in vitro culture of P. vivax , the research of drug resistance molecular markers is full of challenges, so the research mainly focuses on the homologous molecular markers with P. falciparum ( Wang et al., 2022 ). P. vivax multidrug resistance gene ( pvmdr1 ), homologous to pfmdr1 , has been identified as a possible genetic molecular marker of CQ resistance ( Brega et al., 2005 ; Suwanarusk et al., 2007 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%