Polymyxin B and Rifampin: New Regimen for Multiresistant
            <i>Serratia marcescens</i>
            Infections

Ostenson, R. C.; Fields, Branch T.; Nolan, Charles M.

doi:10.1128/aac.12.6.655

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the other hand, TMP-SMZ combined with carbenicillin was synergistic against 12 of 14 isolates by the checkerboard method (Table 2). An isobologram generated by the checkerboard method is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections caused by this organism have posed special problems because it is generally resistant to many of the commonly used antimicrobial agents, including those active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,11,12,18,21). Because of recent reports of endocarditis caused by P. maltophilia (6,21), we have studied the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of 14 clinical isolates to 18 antimicrobials singly and in combination. Results of susceptibility testing with sisomicin, netilmicin, rifampin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and LY127935 have not been previously reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Pseudomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents, singly and in combination

Felegie¹,

Yu²,

Rumans³

et al. 1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Pseudomonas maltophilia is resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobial agents including those active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The susceptibility of 14 clinical isolates of P. maltophilia to 18 antimicrobial agents was determined by broth dilution testing. All organisms were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), minocycline, and LY127935. A total of 87 and 79% of the organisms were susceptible in vitro to colistin and chloramphenicol, respectively. With the exception of sisomicin, the organisms were resistant to the aminoglycosides. Of 21 combinations of antimicrobials examined for synergy, only the combination of TMP-SMZ with carbenicillin was consistently (86%) synergistic in vitro. Supplementation of the testing media with calcium and magnesium increased the miniimal inhibitory concentrations for the aminoglycosides, the penicillins, and TMP-SMZ against P. maltophilia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents, singly and in combination

Felegie¹,

Yu²,

Rumans³

et al. 1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Against P. aeruginosa, combinations with rifampin produced synergistic killing in 90% to 100% of isolates in all but one study; the difference in the latter study may have been the use of colistimethate rather than colistin sulfate or polymyxin B. Synergy was also demonstrated in a few studies using azithromycin or imipenem, but antagonism was also rarely observed. The combination of polymyxins with rifampin also showed bactericidal synergy against isolates of K. pneumoniae, S. maltophilia, and S. marcescens (20,58,134,173).…”

Section: Bactericidal Activity and Synergy Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The findings of time-kill studies involving polymyxins against A. baumannii (26, 60, 160, 170, 187), P. aeruginosa (19,59,67,93,139,171), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (58), K. pneumoniae (20), and S. marcescens (134,173) are summarized in Table 5. Against A. baumannii, the combination of polymyxin B or colistin with rifampin produced synergistic activity (generally defined as a Ն100-fold increase in killing) against most isolates.…”

Section: Bactericidal Activity and Synergy Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymyxins Revisited

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY The global emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli has spurred a renewed interest in polymyxins. Once discarded due to concerns regarding nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, polymyxins now hold an important role in the antibiotic armamentarium. However, more reliable information is needed to determine the optimal dosing of these agents. Also, unanswered questions regarding in vitro testing remain, including questions regarding the reliability of automated systems and the establishment of appropriate breakpoints for defining susceptibility. Most contemporary clinical studies examining the use of these agents have involved patients with infections due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. It has been reassuring that polymyxin therapy for resistant bacteria has resulted in clinical responses and toxicity rates similar to those for carbapenem therapy for susceptible isolates. While most surveillance studies demonstrated high rates of susceptibility, several reports noted the emergence of polymyxin-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Polymyxins have assumed an important antibiotic niche for therapy for hospital-acquired infections; further studies defining the optimal use of these agents will likely extend the duration of their clinical usefulness.

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“…The susceptibility of the 36 strains of P. aeruginosa was determined for ticarcillin and tobramycin alone and in combination by a previously described microtiter broth dilution checkerboard method (8,17). Each test was performed in duplicate, and all strains were tested in parallel in each of 12 media by this method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of calcium, magnesium, and zinc on ticarcillin and tobramycin alone and in combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Zuravleff¹,

Yu²,

Yee³

et al. 1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Correlation between in vitro and in vivo test results for synergy between carboxypenicillins and aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is poor. Although the divalent cation content of culture media is known to affect aminoglycoside susceptibility testing for P. aeruginosa, this effect of divalent cations has not been examined for synergy testing of carboxypenicillin-aminoglycoside interaction against P. aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tobramycin and ticarcillin and the interaction of these drugs in combination were studied by a microtitration method for 36 strains of P. aeruginosa in Mueller-Hinton broth with varying supplements of calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Boston, Mass., abstr. no. 1071) studied the efficacy of ticarcillin and tobramycin, singly and in combination, in a guinea pig model for P. aeruginosa bacteremia; they were unable to show an improvement in survival with combinations demonstrated to be synergistic in vitro against strains of Pseudomonas, as compared to a single-drug therapy. The results of in vitro studies examining the interaction between carboxypenicillin and aminoglycosides against P. aeruginosa are not easily compared. This is due to several reasons. First, the definition of synergy varies from study to study. Second, the divalent cation content of the culture media, which will affect aminoglycoside susceptibility (18,22,23), can also vary from study to study; unfortunately, the cation content is not even reported in a number of synergy studies of P. aeruginosa. We wondered whether some of the discrepancies in the literature concerning penicillin and aminoglycoside synergy might be due to differences in divalent cation content of the test media. To our knowledge the effect of divalent cations on the synergistic interaction of carboxypenicillins and aminoglycosides has not been systematically evaluated. We sought to do so by testing the interaction between ticarcillin and tobramycin against 36 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in 12 cation-defined media.

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Polymyxin B and Rifampin: New Regimen for Multiresistant Serratia marcescens Infections

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents, singly and in combination

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents, singly and in combination

Polymyxins Revisited

Effect of calcium, magnesium, and zinc on ticarcillin and tobramycin alone and in combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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