Polyphenol oxidases from latex of Hevea brasiliensis: purification and characterization

Wititsuwannakul, Dhirayos; Chareonthiphakorn, Nopphakaew; Pace, Mario; Wititsuwannakul, Rapepun

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00234-0

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We proposed that PPO activity is responsible for coagulation and browning in dandelion latex, and the RNAi knockdown of this enzyme strongly supports this hypothesis by prolonging the liquid phase. PPO activity in H. brasiliensis is localized to latex lutoids and Frey-Wyssling complexes (Coupé et al, 1972) and is 5-to 34-fold higher in lutoids than in Frey-Wyssling complexes (Wititsuwannakul et al, 2002). It has also been proposed that PPOs play a role in the coagulation of H. brasiliensis latex, since the exogenous application of substances interfering with PPO activity, such as reducing agents or a nitrogen atmosphere, prolongs the latex flow (Hanower et al, 1976;Hanower and Brzozowska, 1977;Brzozowska-Hanower et al, 1978).…”

Section: Ppo Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenoloxidase Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation in Taraxacum Species

et al. 2009

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Latex is the milky sap that is found in many different plants. It is produced by specialized cells known as laticifers and can comprise a mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, oils, secondary metabolites, and rubber that may help to prevent herbivory and protect wound sites against infection. The wound-induced browning of latex suggests that it contains one or more phenoloxidizing enzymes. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the major latex proteins from two dandelion species, Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum kok-saghyz, and enzymatic studies showing that polyphenoloxidase (PPO) is responsible for latex browning. Electrophoretic analysis and amino-terminal sequencing of the most abundant proteins in the aqueous latex fraction revealed the presence of three PPO-related proteins generated by the proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor (pre-PPO). The laticifer-specific pre-PPO protein contains a transit peptide that can target reporter proteins into chloroplasts when constitutively expressed in dandelion protoplasts, perhaps indicating the presence of structures similar to plastids in laticifers, which lack genuine chloroplasts. Silencing the PPO gene by constitutive RNA interference in transgenic plants reduced PPO activity compared with wild-type controls, allowing T. kok-saghyz RNA interference lines to expel four to five times more latex than controls. Latex fluidity analysis in silenced plants showed a strong correlation between residual PPO activity and the coagulation rate, indicating that laticifer-specific PPO plays a major role in latex coagulation and wound sealing in dandelions. In contrast, very little PPO activity is found in the latex of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, suggesting functional divergence of latex proteins during plant evolution.

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Section: Ppo Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenoloxidase Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation in Taraxacum Species

et al. 2009

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“…Then, quinones may condense and react non-enzymatically with other phenolic compounds, amino acids, proteins or other cellular constituents to produce colored polymer or pigments (Iyidogan & Bayindirh, 2004), as shown in Figure 18 (Lee & Whitaker, 1995). PPO was earlier reported to be present in both lutoid and Frey-Wyssling particle (Wititsuwannakul et al, 2002). It was found that the latex PPO activity in lutiods was 5 to 34 folds higher than that of the Frey-Wyssling particles (Table 1).…”

Section: Enzymatic Browningmentioning

confidence: 82%

Molecular Structure of Natural Rubber and Its Characteristics Based on Recent Evidence

Sakdapipanich¹,

Rojruthai²

2012

Biotechnology - Molecular Studies and Novel Applications for Improved Quality of Human Life

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“…A phenolic metabolism in plants can be induced by certain environmental factors, such as stress, injury or infection, and can protect a plant from insectivores (Rees & Harborne 1985;Dixon & Paiva 1995;Takahama & Oniki 2000;Da Cunha et al 2010). Most of these phenolic compounds have antimicrobial, antifeedant and antifungal activity that create a defense mechanism against herbivores and microorganisms (Beckman 2000;Wititsuwannakul et al 2002;Eichhorn et al 2007). Th e phenolic compounds, observed only in the double-layered of the adaxial surface epidermis, are probably part of the chemical defense system that helps P. longifolium resist pathogens and herbivorous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf structure, microanalysis and characterization of the latex protein profile of Pachystroma longifolium (Nees) I.M. Jonhst. (Euphorbiaceae) in a seasonally dry Atlantic Forest

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT(Leaf structure, microanalysis and characterization of the latex protein profile of Pachystroma longifolium (Nees) I.M. Jonhst. (Euphorbiaceae) in a seasonally dry Atlantic Forest). Pachystroma longifolium is an evergreen species of Euphorbiaceae that occurs in tabuleiro forest, a type of lowland Atlantic Forest. The site chosen for this study was a fragment of tabuleiro forest that has a history of being selectively logged for timber. P. longifolium is very successful at colonizing disturbed areas in this forest fragment in comparison with preserved fragments. In the present work, which was based on using different microscopy (electron and light microscopy, X-ray analysis) and biochemistry techniques, we describe the leaf and latex traits of P. longifolium and their role as defense mechanisms against desiccation and herbivory. Our results suggest the richness of P. longifolium populations, in the disturbed forest area studied, is primarily a consequence of unpalatable leaves because of an abundance of calcium oxalate crystals in the subjacent epidermis; the presence of phenolic compounds in the adaxial surface; and a laticifer system that contains a complex mixture of proteins, which provides resistance to herbivores. In addition, this species is resistant to desiccation during dry periods because of an extensive amount of wax that occurs on the outer cell walls of the epidermis, and its ability to retain water because of a biseriate epidermis.

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Polyphenol oxidases from latex of Hevea brasiliensis: purification and characterization

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Polyphenoloxidase Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation in Taraxacum Species

Polyphenoloxidase Silencing Affects Latex Coagulation in Taraxacum Species

Molecular Structure of Natural Rubber and Its Characteristics Based on Recent Evidence

Leaf structure, microanalysis and characterization of the latex protein profile of Pachystroma longifolium (Nees) I.M. Jonhst. (Euphorbiaceae) in a seasonally dry Atlantic Forest

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