Polysulfide utilization by Thiocapsa roseopersicina

Visscher, Pieter T.; Nijburg, J. W.; Gemerden, Hans van

doi:10.1007/bf00291278

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Also, two known strains of T. roseopersicina, DSM 221 and DSM 217, were found to oxidize nitrite phototrophically. Representatives of both genera, Rhodopseudomonas and Thiocapsa, are known as generalists among the purple bacteria and are frequently found in various aquatic habitats (Herbert, 1985;Visscher et al, 1990), which is consistent with the high frequency of positive enrichments of nitrite-oxidizing phototrophs from nearly all sampling sites. Nonetheless, MPN counts revealed only low numbers of nitrite-oxidizing phototrophs at two lake sites, and slightly higher numbers in activated sewage sludge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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In anaerobic enrichment cultures for phototrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from different freshwater sites, two different cell types, i.e. non-motile cocci and motile, rod-shaped bacteria, always outnumbered all other bacteria. Most-probable-number (MPN) dilution series with samples from two freshwater sites yielded only low numbers (¡3¾10 3 cm "3 ) of phototrophic nitrite oxidizers. Slightly higher numbers (about 10 4 cm "3 ) were found in activated sewage sludge. Anaerobic phototrophic oxidation of nitrite was studied with two different isolates, the phototrophic sulfur bacterium strain KS1 and the purple nonsulfur bacterium strain LQ17, both of which were isolated from activated sludge collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Konstanz, Germany. Strain KS1 converted 1 mM nitrite stoichiometrically to nitrate with concomitant formation of cell matter within 2-3 days, whereas strain LQ17 oxidized only up to 60 % of the given nitrite to nitrate within several months with the concomitant formation of cell biomass. Nitrite oxidation to nitrate was strictly light-dependent and required the presence of molybdenum in the medium. Nitrite was oxidized in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Nitrite inhibited growth at concentrations higher than 2 mM. Hydroxylamine and hydrazine were found to be toxic to the phototrophs in the range 5-50 mM and did not stimulate phototrophic growth. Based on morphology, substrate-utilization pattern, in vivo absorption spectra, and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS1 was assigned to the genus Thiocapsa and strain LQ17 to the genus Rhodopseudomonas. Also, Thiocapsa roseopersicina strains DSM 217 and DSM 221 were found to oxidize nitrite to nitrate with concomitant growth. We conclude that the ability to use nitrite phototrophically as electron donor is widespread in nature, but low MPN counts indicate that its contribution to nitrite oxidation in the studied habitats is rather limited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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“…The concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a determined for the purple aggregates in Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh is similar to the concentrations reported for multi-layered microbial mats at the same location [2], for microbial mats on the island of Texel [22] and for sulfureta on the Orkney Islands [3]. Compared to the pigment concentrations III the surrounding pool sediment, bacteriochlorophyll a is significantly ennched (factor of > 17) while chlorophyll a concentrations are only slightly increased (factor of 1.4) in the aggregates.…”

Section: Ecological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 76%

Physiology of purple sulfur bacteria forming macroscopic aggregates in Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh, Massachusetts

Seitz

1993

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Purple bactenal aggregates found in tidal pools of Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh (Falmouth, Cape Cod, MA) were mvestlgated m order to eluCidate the ecological significance of cell aggregation. Purple sulfur bactena were the dommant microorganisms m the aggregates which also con tamed diatoms and a high number of small rod-shaped bactena. Urea m concentrations of ~ 1 M caused dlsmtegratlOn of the aggregates while proteolytic enzymes, surfactants or chaotropic agents did not exhibit this effect. This suggests that polysaccharides in the embedding slime matrix stabihze the aggregate structure In addition cell surface hydrophoblclty is involved in aggregate formation. The concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased rapidly below the surface of aggregates while sulfide was not detected. The apparent respiration rate m the aggregates was high when the purple sulfur bactena contamed intracellular sulfur globules. In the presence of DCMU, respiratIOn remained hght-mhibited. Light inhibition disappeared in the presence of KCN. These results demonstrated that respiration m the aggregates IS due mamly to purple sulfur bactena The concentration of bactenochlorophyll (Bch\) a in the aggregates (0.205 mg Bchla cm -3) was much higher than m the pool sedlments but comparable to concentrations in microbial mats of adjacent sand fiats. Purple aggregates may therefore onginate m the microbial mats rather than in the pools themselves Rapid sedimentation and high resplfatlOn rates of Chromatiaceae in the aggregates would prevent the mhibitlon of Bchl syntheSIS If aggregates were hfted off the sediment and up mto the OXIC pool water by tidal currents.

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“…This FeS can react further with elemental sulfur to form the more stable mineral pyrite (FeS 2 ). Sulfide also reacts with elemental sulfur to form polysulfides (Visscher et al 1990). Sulfide is only stable under anaerobic conditions since it reacts chemically with oxygen.…”

Section: The Physiological Ecology Of Microbial Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacterial Mats

Stal

Severin

Bolhuis

2010

Recent Advances in Phototrophic Prokaryotes

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All cyanobacterial mats that have been investigated have been proven to be diazotrophic, i.e., use atmospheric dinitrogen (N(2)) as the source of nitrogen. Many cyanobacteria possess the capacity to fix N(2) and different species have evolved various ways to cope with the sensitivity of nitrogenase toward oxygen which is produced by these oxygenic phototrophs. These different strategies give rise to complex patterns of nitrogenase activity in microbial mats. Nitrogenase activity may exhibit complex variations over a day-night cycle but different types of microbial mats may also have their own characteristic patterns. Besides the cyanobacteria, numerous other members of the Bacteria as well as some Archaea are known to be diazotrophic. The complexity of the microbial community and of the observed patterns of nitrogenase activity makes it difficult to understand how the different groups of organisms contribute to N(2) fixation in microbial mats. Cyanobacteria have ample access to energy (sunlight) and reducing equivalents (water) and therefore easily satisfy the demands of nitrogenase. As well, since they also fix CO(2), they are able to synthesize the acceptor molecules for the fixed nitrogen. However, it is also feasible that other diazotrophs in a joint venture with cyanobacteria are responsible for the bulk of the fixed nitrogen. In this review we discuss the importance of cyanobacteria as diazotrophs in microbial mats, their interactions with other potential N(2)-fixing microorganisms, and the factors that control their activities.

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Polysulfide utilization by Thiocapsa roseopersicina

Cited by 59 publications

References 22 publications

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

Physiology of purple sulfur bacteria forming macroscopic aggregates in Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh, Massachusetts

The Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacterial Mats

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