Polyurethane derived from castor oil monoacylglyceride (Ricinus communis) for bone defects reconstruction: characterization and in vivo testing

Abstract

Biomaterials used in tissue regeneration processes represent a promising option for the versatility of its physical and chemical characteristics, allowing for assisting or speeding up the repair process stages. This research has characterized a polyurethane produced from castor oil monoacylglyceride (Ricinus communis L) and tested its effect on reconstructing bone defects in rat calvaria, comparing it with commercial castor oil polyurethane. The characterizations of the synthesized polyurethane have been performed by spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FTIR); thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG); X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For the in vivo test, 24 animals have been used, divided into 3 groups: untreated group (UG); control group treated with Poliquil® castor polyurethane (PCP) and another group treated with castor polyurethane from the Federal University of Piauí - UFPI (CPU). Sixteen weeks after surgery, samples of the defects were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis. FTIR analysis has shown the formation of monoacylglyceride and polyurethane. TG and DTG have indicated thermal stability of around 125 °C. XRD has determined the semi-crystallinity of the material. The polyurethane SEM has shown a smooth morphology with areas of recesses. Histological and histomorphometric analyzes have indicated that neither CPU nor PCP induced a significant inflammatory process, and CPU has shown, statistically, better performance in bone formation. The data obtained shows that CPU can be used in the future for bone reconstruction in the medical field.

Recent Advancements in Polyurethane-based Tissue Engineering

“…We concluded that 3D printed PU scaffolds with shape memory properties, biodegradability, and osteogenic effect may be employed by the minimally invasive surgical procedures as customized bone substitutes. 122 Morais et al 123 synthesized polyurethane from castor oil monoacylglyceride (MAG) and applied it for bone defect reconstruction in rats. The surgery was performed on three groups, namely the untreated group (UG), control group with Poliquil castor polyurethane (PCP), and synthesized castor polyurethane group UFPI(CPU).…”

Scaffold based on castor oil as an osteoconductive matrix in bone repair: biocompatibility analysis

“…The spectra obtained by Fourirer transform infrared spectroscopy were compatible with what has already been reported in the literature, confirming the standardization of the scaffolds production. In the thermal analysis, the biomaterial also behaved in a predicted way, showing thermal degradation in three different stages, starting at 180ºC, going through 280ºC and ending at 380ºC with the greatest loss of mass (57%), according to previous studies [7][8][9] .…”

“…The scaffolds were found from castor oil monoglyceride and characterized as described in previous studies [7][8][9] . The pure Castor oil was commercially acquired.…”

“…To confirm the presence of the materials in the sample, spectroscopy was performed in a Thermo Fisher Scientific Nicolet iS5 apparatus, with a purge pump and a wavelength between 800 cm -1 and 4000 cm -1 , 128 accumulated cans, 4 cm -1 resolution, in attenuated total reflection. To verify the stability and thermal decomposition as a function of mass loss, the thermal analyzer TGA-51H, Shimadzu, standardized with a heating rate of 10 •C min -1 in a nitrogen atmosphere, up to a temperature of 600 •C and a sample mass of approximately 7 mg [7][8][9] .…”

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“…The slower re-absorption process is one of the benefits of Ricinus Communis polythene. Ricinus Communis oil does not contain a lot of medicinal properties such as anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, laxative, purgative, antibacterial, and bone regeneration; hence it is widely used across the world [37][38][39] .…”